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Civil Service Exam (Professional) Analytical AbilityAnalogy & Verbal RelationshipsCheat Sheet

A printable cheat sheet for Analogy & Verbal Relationships, built for Civil Service Exam (Professional) reviewers who want one go-to reference in the final stretch. Covers formulas, key definitions, common question types, and the Civil Service Commission (CSC)-specific twists you will see on Civil Service Exam (Professional) day.

Exam context

On the Civil Service Exam (Professional) 2026, the Analytical Ability subtest carries a "~25% weightage" weight in Civil Service Commission (CSC)'s pattern. Analogy & Verbal Relationships lands at position 1st out of 7 in the standard review order. Target score is 80%, and roughly 17 items come from Analytical Ability on a typical Civil Service Exam (Professional) paper.

Analogy & Verbal Relationships - Cheat Sheet

Your last-minute revision companion for mastering analogy patterns and verbal relationships in CSE Professional exams

Sections

Section Title

Core Analogy Types & Patterns

Important Facts

  • Define The Relationship (DTR) - state relationship in a sentence first
  • Narrow the relationship if multiple answers seem correct
  • Don't be afraid to substitute words to test relationships
  • Observe parallelism - maintain same grammatical structure
  • Never reverse the order - follow exact pattern of given pair

Key Definitions

Term

Analogy

Example

dog : mammal :: snake : reptile (classification relationship)

Definition

A comparison showing how two things are alike, identifying relationships between word pairs

Term

Single Word Approach

Example

canine : dog :: feline : ___ (answer: cat)

Definition

Given a pair and third word, find the word that relates to third word same as first pair

Term

Paired Word Approach

Example

mango : fruit :: rose : flower

Definition

Find the pair of words with same relationship as the given pair

Section Title

Synonym & Antonym Relationships

Important Facts

  • Look for intensity differences - sad : depressed (degree relationship)
  • Check if both pairs follow same synonym/antonym pattern
  • Watch for false synonyms that sound similar but differ in meaning

Key Definitions

Term

Synonym Analogy

Example

clean : tidy :: beautiful : lovely

Definition

Both pairs contain words with similar meanings

Term

Antonym Analogy

Example

dark : light :: hot : cold

Definition

Both pairs contain words with opposite meanings

Section Title

Classification & Part-Whole Relationships

Important Facts

  • Don't confuse part-whole with whole-part - order matters
  • Classification goes from specific to general
  • Look for taxonomical relationships (species to genus)

Key Definitions

Term

Classification

Example

stiletto : shoe :: sedan : car

Definition

Specific item belongs to general category

Term

Part-Whole

Example

lens : camera :: wheel : bicycle

Definition

First term is component of second term

Term

Whole-Part

Example

flower : petal :: house : room

Definition

First term contains second term as component

Section Title

Function & Purpose Relationships

Important Facts

  • Focus on PRIMARY function, not secondary uses
  • Worker-tool vs tool-worker - check the order carefully
  • Some objects have multiple functions - pick most common

Key Definitions

Term

Tool-Function

Example

pencil : write :: hammer : pound

Definition

Object and its primary use or action

Term

Worker-Tool

Example

doctor : stethoscope :: carpenter : hammer

Definition

Professional and their primary instrument

Term

Object-Action

Example

cup : drink :: bed : sleep

Definition

Thing and what it does or what's done with it

Section Title

Cause & Effect, Sequence Relationships

Important Facts

  • Cause-effect: first must directly cause second
  • Sequence: look for life cycles, development stages
  • Time sequence: chronological order matters

Key Definitions

Term

Cause-Effect

Example

rain : flood :: virus : disease

Definition

First causes second to happen

Term

Sequence

Example

caterpillar : butterfly :: tadpole : frog

Definition

Natural order or progression

Term

Degree/Intensity

Example

whisper : shout :: drizzle : downpour

Definition

One is more/less intense than other

Section Title

Location & Characteristic Relationships

Important Facts

  • Capital-country relationships are common
  • Animal habitat: penguin : Antarctica
  • Gender pairs: check for proper male-female matching

Key Definitions

Term

Location

Example

Manila : Philippines :: Paris : France

Definition

Where something is found or belongs

Term

Characteristic

Example

lion : brave :: fox : cunning

Definition

Quality or trait associated with something

Term

Gender

Example

stallion : mare :: rooster : hen

Definition

Male-female relationships

Must Remember

  • Always Define The Relationship (DTR) first - state it in a sentence
  • Order matters - never reverse the given pattern
  • Narrow overly broad relationships to find unique answer
  • Check grammatical parallelism - noun:noun :: noun:noun
  • Look for primary relationships, not secondary connections
  • Don't guess - eliminate wrong answers systematically
  • Common relationships: synonym, antonym, part-whole, classification, function, cause-effect
  • Worker-tool relationships appear frequently in CSE exams
  • Animal relationships: adult-young, male-female, sound, habitat
  • Country-capital and element-symbol pairs are exam favorites

Last Minute Tips

  • If multiple answers seem correct, your relationship definition is too broad - narrow it down
  • For animal analogies, check: adult-young, male-female, sound, or habitat patterns
  • Filipino context clues: Philippines-peso, Manila-capital type relationships often tested
  • Eliminate choices with wrong grammatical structure first (verb where noun needed)
  • In CSE exams, classification and function relationships appear most frequently

Comparison Tables

Rows

Values

  • Similar : Similar
  • happy : joyful
  • Same meaning words

Property

Synonym

Values

  • Opposite : Opposite
  • hot : cold
  • Contrasting meanings

Property

Antonym

Values

  • Part : Whole
  • wheel : car
  • Component to complete object

Property

Part-Whole

Values

  • Specific : General
  • rose : flower
  • Example to category

Property

Classification

Values

  • Tool : Purpose
  • knife : cut
  • Object to its use

Property

Function

Values

  • Person : Instrument
  • chef : spatula
  • Professional to equipment

Property

Worker-Tool

Values

  • Cause : Result
  • rain : flood
  • What leads to what

Property

Cause-Effect

Values

  • Before : After
  • seed : tree
  • Natural progression

Property

Sequence

Columns

  • Relationship Type
  • Pattern
  • Example
  • Key Clue

Table Title

Common Relationship Types Quick Reference

Rows

Values

  • A : B :: C : ___
  • Find word that relates to C like B relates to A
  • dog : bark :: cat : meow

Property

Single-Word

Values

  • A : B :: ___ : ___
  • Find pair with same relationship as A:B
  • pen : write :: brush : paint

Property

Paired-Word

Columns

  • Approach
  • Format
  • Strategy
  • Example

Table Title

Single-Word vs Paired-Word Approach

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