Immunization / EPI Delivery by the Midwife - Concept Map
Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) at the Barangay Health Station (BHS)
Related concepts
Cold Chain Management
Sub concepts
- Storage temperature +2°C to +8°C
- Vaccine Vial Monitor (VVM) reading
- Shake test for freeze-damaged vaccines
- Twice-daily temperature monitoring
- Heat-sensitive vs freeze-sensitive vaccines
- FEFO principle
- Refrigerator maintenance and placement
Relationship to central
Critical infrastructure ensuring vaccine potency and safety
Routine EPI Schedule
Sub concepts
- Birth doses: BCG and Hepatitis B
- 6-week schedule: Pentavalent 1, OPV 1, PCV 1
- 10-week schedule: Pentavalent 2, OPV 2, PCV 2
- 14-week schedule: Pentavalent 3, OPV 3, PCV 3, IPV 1
- 9-month schedule: MCV1, IPV 2
- 12-month schedule: MCV2
- Age-based contact points
Relationship to central
Core immunization timeline for protection against vaccine-preventable diseases
Vaccine Administration
Sub concepts
- BCG: 0.05 mL intradermal, right upper arm
- Hepatitis B: 0.5 mL IM, anterolateral thigh
- Pentavalent: 0.5 mL IM, anterolateral thigh
- PCV: 0.5 mL IM, anterolateral thigh
- IPV: 0.5 mL IM, anterolateral thigh
- OPV: 2 drops oral
- MCV/MMR: 0.5 mL subcutaneous, upper arm
- Auto-disable syringe use
- Site selection and needle safety
Relationship to central
Proper technique ensures effective immunization and safety
Contraindications and Safe Practice
Sub concepts
- True contraindications: anaphylaxis, severe prior reactions
- BCG contraindication in clinical AIDS
- FALSE contraindications: mild illness, fever, malnutrition
- Breastfeeding is NOT a contraindication
- Prematurity and low birth weight protocols
- Missed opportunity prevention
Relationship to central
Ensures immunization safety while avoiding missed opportunities
Record Keeping and Defaulter Tracking
Sub concepts
- Immunization card (mother-held)
- Target Client List (TCL)
- Field Health Services Information System (FHSIS)
- Fully Immunized Child (FIC) indicator
- Completely Immunized Child (CIC) indicator
- Home visit follow-up
- Series continuation, never restart policy
Relationship to central
Ensures complete immunization coverage and program monitoring
Vaccine-Specific Considerations
Sub concepts
- BCG: live-attenuated, heat-sensitive, 4-hour use limit
- Hepatitis B: freeze-sensitive, birth dose critical
- Pentavalent: freeze-sensitive, combines 5 antigens
- PCV: freeze-sensitive, pneumococcal protection
- OPV: oral live-attenuated, most heat-sensitive
- IPV: inactivated, part of polio eradication
- MCV/MMR: heat-sensitive live-attenuated, 6-hour use limit
Relationship to central
Each vaccine has unique storage, handling, and protection profile requirements
Concept connections
- Cold Chain ManagementVaccine AdministrationOnly potent vaccines (maintained through proper cold chain) can provide effective immunization when administered
- Routine EPI ScheduleRecord Keeping and Defaulter TrackingTCL and immunization cards track adherence to the schedule; defaulter tracking ensures children follow the timed schedule
- Vaccine AdministrationContraindications and Safe PracticeSafe administration includes screening for true contraindications and recognizing false ones to prevent missed opportunities
- Vaccine-Specific ConsiderationsCold Chain ManagementEach vaccine's heat/freeze sensitivity determines its placement in the refrigerator and handling protocol
- Routine EPI ScheduleVaccine-Specific ConsiderationsSchedule specifies which vaccines are given at each age; each vaccine has unique properties affecting storage and administration
- Record Keeping and Defaulter TrackingRoutine EPI ScheduleRecords track progress against schedule; TCL identifies which vaccines are due for which children
- Contraindications and Safe PracticeRecord Keeping and Defaulter TrackingFalse contraindications (mild illness) must not prevent vaccination; records show reason for deferral if true contraindication exists
- Cold Chain ManagementVaccine-Specific ConsiderationsVVM, shake test, and temperature monitoring apply to all vaccines but decisions depend on vaccine-specific sensitivity profiles
- Vaccine AdministrationRecord Keeping and Defaulter TrackingEvery dose administered is documented immediately in the card and TCL; records enable tracking of coverage and FIC/CIC status
- Routine EPI ScheduleContraindications and Safe PracticeSchedule defines when vaccines are due; contraindication assessment determines if those doses should be given at that visit
Diagrams
EPI Delivery by the Midwife - Complete Concept Hierarchy
Comprehensive mind map showing the entire hierarchy of EPI concepts at the BHS level. Organized around six major branches: cold chain management (storage, VVM, heat/freeze sensitivity), routine schedule (birth through 12 months), vaccine administration (routes, sites, dosing), contraindications (true vs false), and record-keeping systems. This map reflects the midwife's core responsibilities in delivering immunization services safely and effectively.
EPI Vaccine Storage and Quality Control Decision Tree
Decision tree for vaccine storage quality control at the BHS. Shows the critical checkpoints the midwife performs: expiry and VVM verification, classification by heat/freeze sensitivity, proper shelf placement based on vaccine characteristics, and twice-daily temperature monitoring. This flowchart emphasizes the cold-chain safety gates that prevent wastage and ensure vaccine potency.
Immunization Administration and Documentation Workflow
Workflow for vaccine administration and documentation by the midwife at the BHS. Starts with child registration and TCL verification, proceeds through contraindication screening (with emphasis that mild illness is NOT a barrier), then vaccine preparation, administration at correct sites/routes, and dual recording in both the immunization card and facility systems. Highlights the importance of completing all due vaccines in one visit to reduce return trips.
Defaulter Tracking and Catch-up Immunization Process
Systematic process for identifying, tracking, and bringing back defaulted children. Emphasizes the midwife and BHW collaboration using the TCL as the key tool. Critical points: home visits address barriers, the series is CONTINUED (never restarted) from the last dose given, and tracking culminates in FIC/CIC classification depending on whether immunization was completed before or after the first birthday. This reflects the DOH's target-driven approach to coverage.
Reconstituted Vaccine Use Time Limits and Waste Management
Critical safety protocol for reconstituted vaccines. BCG has a 4-hour window and measles/MMR a 6-hour window after mixing. Any remainder must be discarded and never stored or used in subsequent sessions. The flowchart emphasizes that wastage, while unfortunate, is preferable to using a compromised vaccine. Tracking wastage helps identify systemic problems (over-preparation, equipment issues) that can be corrected to improve efficiency.
Child Immunization Status Life Cycle from Birth to Evaluation
State diagram showing the immunization journey of a child from birth through completion. Illustrates the critical on-time pathway (leading to FIC) versus the delayed pathway (CIC). Shows how defaulters are intercepted via tracking, resume their series from the last dose given (not restarted), and eventually reach the FIC or CIC endpoint. This visualization emphasizes that while FIC (completion before 12 months) is the program goal, catch-up and CIC completion still protects the child.
Heat and Freeze Sensitivity Classification of EPI Vaccines
Distribution of EPI vaccines by their temperature sensitivity profile. Heat-sensitive vaccines (OPV, BCG, measles) require top-shelf placement near the cold source. Freeze-sensitive vaccines (Hepatitis B, Pentavalent, PCV, IPV, TT/Td) must be stored away from the freezer and never frozen—these represent the largest group and are the most common cause of cold-chain errors. This pie chart reinforces the need for differentiated shelf placement and handling protocols.