RA 7392 & Midwifery Jurisprudence - Memory Anchors
Memory techniques are your secret weapon for the PRC Midwife Licensure Examination! When you link dry legal facts — republic act numbers, board compositions, penalty types — to colorful stories, Filipino cultural cues, and catchy acronyms, your brain creates multiple retrieval pathways. Think of each anchor as a 'hook' in your mind: the next time an exam question appears, the hook pulls up the correct answer automatically. This chapter uses mnemonics, analogies, micro-stories, visual maps, and rhymes to make every provision of RA 7392 stick — so you walk into the MLE confident, not cramming.
Memory anchors
RA 7392 is the Philippine Midwifery Act of 1992
Memory aid
The number tells you the year: 7392 — read the last two digits: '92 = 1992. And 7+3 = 10, 9+2 = 11 — just remember '92 is baked right inside the law number itself! Say it as a chant: 'Seven-Three-Nine-Two, Midwifery of Ninety-Two!'
Why it works
Chunking the digits and finding a pattern inside the number creates a self-referential clue — the answer is hidden in the question itself, making it nearly impossible to forget.
Example usage
Exam question: 'What year was RA 7392 enacted?' You see 7392, split off 92, and instantly answer: 1992.
Recall trigger
See '7392' — immediately think 'last two digits = year 1992'
RA 7392 repealed RA 2644 (the 1960 Midwifery Act)
Memory aid
Think of RA 2644 as an old 'lola midwife' (born in 1960) who retired when the younger, modern RA 7392 (born in 1992) took over. The old lola (2644) was replaced by her updated granddaughter (7392). 2644 is 'older' because 2644 < 7392 — smaller number, older law, from 1960.
Why it works
Personification of the laws as family members (lola vs. granddaughter) creates an emotional, culturally familiar story. The numerical comparison (smaller = older) reinforces the chronology.
Example usage
Exam question: 'RA 7392 superseded which law?' Recall the lola image — the old law was RA 2644.
Recall trigger
Think 'lola midwife = 2644 (1960); modern midwife = 7392 (1992)'
The Board of Midwifery = 1 Chairman + 2 Members (total 3)
Memory aid
Remember 'C + 2M = Board' using the word 'CMD' — Chairman, Member, Member. Or use a tricycle image: a tricycle has 1 driver (Chairman) and 2 passenger seats (Members). The Filipino tricycle always has exactly 3 positions — just like the Board!
Why it works
The tricycle is a universally familiar Filipino image. Mapping abstract board composition onto something tangible and everyday makes the number '3' memorable through a vivid visual.
Example usage
Exam question: 'How many members compose the Professional Regulatory Board of Midwifery?' Recall your tricycle: 1 chairman + 2 members = 3 total.
Recall trigger
Picture a tricycle — 1 driver + 2 passengers = Board of Midwifery
Board members are appointed by the President of the Philippines
Memory aid
Imagine Malacañang Palace (the President's residence) sending a golden envelope to three midwives. Inside each envelope: 'You are hereby appointed to the Board of Midwifery — signed, the President.' No one else — not the DOH Secretary, not the PRC Chair — can sign that golden envelope. Only the President.
Why it works
The concrete image of a golden presidential envelope from Malacañang anchors the authority figure. The explicit contrast ('no one else can sign') prevents the common error of crediting the PRC chairperson or DOH Secretary.
Example usage
Exam question: 'Who appoints the members of the Board of Midwifery?' Recall the golden envelope from the Palace — the President.
Recall trigger
Golden envelope from Malacañang = President appoints the Board
Four qualifications to sit the MLE: Filipino citizen, good moral character, graduate of recognized midwifery program, no conviction for moral turpitude
Memory aid
Use the acronym 'FGMN' — Filipino, Good moral, Midwifery graduate, No conviction. Say it as 'Filipino Good Midwife, No Crime!' Or imagine a FGMN checklist at the PRC window: the examiner at the window stamps your application only after checking all four boxes: F-G-M-N.
Why it works
Acronyms compress four requirements into a single 4-letter code. The phrase 'Filipino Good Midwife, No Crime' turns it into a short, meaningful sentence that is easy to reconstruct from memory.
Example usage
Exam question: 'Which is NOT a requirement to take the midwifery board exam?' Run through FGMN — whichever option does not match one of the four is your answer.
Recall trigger
PRC application window — think FGMN: Filipino, Good moral, Midwifery grad, No conviction
After passing the MLE, the midwife takes the professional oath, then receives the Certificate of Registration (COR) and Professional Identification Card (PIC), and uses the title Registered Midwife (RM)
Memory aid
Remember the sequence as 'OCP + RM': Oath → COR → PIC → you are RM. Make a sentence: 'Our Capable Practitioner is a Registered Midwife.' O = Oath, C = Certificate of Registration, P = PIC, RM = title earned.
Why it works
The sentence creates a narrative sequence (you swear, you get the certificate, you get the card, you earn the title), mimicking the actual registration process so recall follows the real order.
Example usage
Exam question: 'What document entitles a midwife to use the title RM?' Recall OCP-RM — the COR and PIC together grant the title RM after the oath.
Recall trigger
Think 'OCP-RM' — Oath, COR, PIC, Registered Midwife
The Professional Identification Card (PIC) is renewed every 3 years
Memory aid
Rhyme: 'Every three years, renew your ID — keep it current, practise legally!' Or associate 3 years with the 3 letters in 'PIC' (P-I-C). Three letters, three years — the number is baked into the acronym itself!
Why it works
Rhymes activate the phonological loop in working memory, making the information replay automatically. The letter-count trick provides a secondary retrieval path.
Example usage
Exam question: 'How often is the PRC Professional Identification Card for midwives renewed?' Count the letters in PIC — 3 letters, 3 years.
Recall trigger
PIC has 3 letters = renewed every 3 years
CPD (Continuing Professional Development) is mandated by RA 10912, NOT by RA 7392
Memory aid
Think of RA 7392 as the midwife's 'birth certificate' — it creates the profession and the licence. RA 10912 is the midwife's 'gym membership' — it keeps her fit and updated throughout her career. The birth certificate and the gym membership are two different documents from two different laws. Never confuse them: RA 7392 = born as a midwife; RA 10912 = stay sharp as a midwife.
Why it works
The birth certificate vs. gym membership analogy maps an abstract legal distinction onto two concrete, everyday objects that serve clearly different purposes — creation vs. maintenance.
Example usage
Exam question: 'Which law mandates CPD for midwives?' Recall the gym membership — that is RA 10912, not RA 7392.
Recall trigger
Birth certificate (RA 7392) vs. gym membership (RA 10912 CPD)
RA 10912 = Continuing Professional Development Act of 2016
Memory aid
10912 → read as '109' then '12'. Think: '109 channels, all 12 months of learning.' Or: 10912 ends in '12' — CPD keeps you learning 12 months a year. Year: 10912 was enacted in 2016 — '20-16' = 2016. Associate: '10912, CPD, 2016 — one-oh-nine-twelve, keep learning.'
Why it works
Breaking the 5-digit number into meaningful chunks ('109' and '12') and linking '12' to the 12 months of a year creates an associative chain that survives under exam pressure.
Example usage
Exam question: 'What is RA 10912?' Recall 12-months-of-learning = Continuing Professional Development Act of 2016.
Recall trigger
12 months of learning = RA 10912 CPD Act, enacted 2016
Grounds for suspension or revocation of the Certificate of Registration
Memory aid
Use the acronym 'MIFBPS' — Moral turpitude (conviction), Immoral or dishonourable conduct, Fraud (in exam or licence), Beyond scope (practising outside legal scope), Poor practice (gross negligence or malpractice), Sanity loss (mental incompetence). Sentence: 'Many Incompetent Fraudsters Break Professional Standards.' M-I-F-B-P-S covers all six grounds.
Why it works
Acronym compression reduces six disparate grounds into a single code word. The sentence provides semantic meaning so each letter can be reconstructed even under stress.
Example usage
Exam question: 'Which is a ground for revocation of a midwife's COR?' Run through MIFBPS — all six options map to one of the letters.
Recall trigger
MIFBPS — 'Many Incompetent Fraudsters Break Professional Standards'
Illegal practice of midwifery is penalised by fine and/or imprisonment
Memory aid
Imagine a hilot (traditional birth attendant) in barangay Maliwanag who starts calling herself 'Registered Midwife' without a licence. The PRC inspector arrives, handcuffs in one hand and a fine notice in the other. The hilot faces both — the handcuffs (imprisonment) OR the fine notice (fine) OR BOTH. Remember: RA 7392 says 'fine and/or imprisonment' — two possible punishments, one unlicensed practitioner.
Why it works
The barangay setting is culturally authentic and emotionally vivid. The visual of handcuffs AND a fine notice encodes the 'and/or' construction — the dual-penalty option — through a concrete narrative.
Example usage
Exam question: 'What is the penalty for practising midwifery without a licence?' Recall the scene — fine and/or imprisonment.
Recall trigger
Hilot + handcuffs + fine notice = illegal practice = fine AND/OR imprisonment
Administrative, criminal, and civil liabilities are SEPARATE and can be pursued simultaneously
Memory aid
Think of the three liabilities as three separate courts in Cebu, Davao, and Manila all holding trial on the same day for the same midwife. Just because the PRC Board in Manila suspends her licence (administrative) does not stop the regional trial court from filing criminal charges OR the family from suing for damages (civil). Three courts, one case, all running at the same time.
Why it works
The geography of three different cities makes the 'separateness' of the three proceedings physically concrete. Simultaneous proceedings in different places is easy to visualize and contradicts the common misconception that one outcome blocks another.
Example usage
Exam question: 'If a midwife is administratively sanctioned by the PRB, can she still face criminal charges?' Yes — recall the three-city analogy: administrative, criminal, and civil are separate.
Recall trigger
Three cities, three courts, same midwife — all at the same time
RA 9173 governs Nursing (Philippine Nursing Act of 2002); RA 7392 governs Midwifery (1992)
Memory aid
Use a number trick: Nursing (RN) has 2 letters → RA 9173 ends with '73' → but remember: 9173 = 2002 law; 7392 = 1992 law. Shortcut rhyme: 'Seven-Three for the midwife; Nine-One for the nurse.' Or remember: 7 < 9, so Midwifery (7392) came BEFORE Nursing (9173) in RA number AND in year (1992 before 2002).
Why it works
The numerical ordering trick (7 < 9, so midwifery law is 'earlier' both in RA number and in year) creates a self-verifying clue — two consistent patterns reinforce the same fact.
Example usage
Exam question: 'Which law governs the practice of nursing in the Philippines?' Recall 7 < 9 — the higher number (9173) is nursing, 2002.
Recall trigger
7 < 9 → Midwifery (7392, 1992) came before Nursing (9173, 2002)
The professional title for a registered midwife is RM; for a nurse it is RN
Memory aid
Visualize an RM badge with a pregnant belly icon and an RN badge with a stethoscope icon. RM = Reproductive / Maternal care; RN = Registered Nurse for all conditions. The 'M' in RM stands for both 'Midwife' and 'Maternal' — her core focus. The 'N' in RN stands for 'Nurse' — broader care.
Why it works
Pairing the letters with iconic visual symbols (pregnant belly vs. stethoscope) creates dual encoding — both the letter and the image encode the same distinction, doubling retrieval strength.
Example usage
Exam question: 'What professional title does a licensed midwife use?' Recall the RM badge with the maternal icon = Registered Midwife.
Recall trigger
Badge: RM + pregnant belly = midwife; RN + stethoscope = nurse
The Board may prescribe a Code of Ethics AND a Code of Technical Standards for midwifery practice
Memory aid
Think of the Code of Ethics as the midwife's 'heart' — it governs how she treats patients (respect, confidentiality, informed consent). Think of the Code of Technical Standards as her 'hands' — it governs how she performs procedures (correct technique, proper documentation). The Board shapes both the heart and the hands of every midwife.
Why it works
Heart and hands are universally understood metaphors for values and skills respectively. This splits the two codes into clearly distinct categories using body-part imagery that is hard to confuse.
Example usage
Exam question: 'Which code governs how a midwife conducts a delivery procedure?' Recall the 'hands' code = Code of Technical Standards.
Recall trigger
Board shapes the midwife's heart (Code of Ethics) and hands (Code of Technical Standards)
Core ethical duties: confidentiality, informed consent, accurate records, stay within scope, refer when beyond scope, no fee-splitting
Memory aid
Use 'CIARSR': Confidentiality, Informed consent, Accurate records, Stay within scope, Refer when needed, Refuse fee-splitting. Sentence: 'Caring Is A Responsible Skilled Requirement.' C-I-A-R-S-R — every ethical duty is one letter.
Why it works
The sentence 'Caring Is A Responsible Skilled Requirement' is itself a mini-definition of ethical midwifery, so the meaning reinforces the letters — double encoding through semantics and acronym.
Example usage
Exam question: 'Which of the following is NOT a core ethical duty of a midwife?' Run through CIARSR — the option not matching any letter is your answer.
Recall trigger
CIARSR — 'Caring Is A Responsible Skilled Requirement'
The Board's administrative decisions are appealable to the PRC, then to the courts
Memory aid
Picture walking up a staircase with three steps: Step 1 (ground floor) = Board of Midwifery decides; Step 2 (second floor) = PRC reviews the decision; Step 3 (top floor, the courthouse) = courts make the final ruling. Due process always moves UP the staircase — never skip a step.
Why it works
The method of loci (spatial memory) ties each level of appeal to a physical location in a mental building. The upward movement matches the escalation of authority, reinforcing the hierarchy.
Example usage
Exam question: 'Where does a midwife appeal a Board of Midwifery decision?' Step 2 of the staircase = PRC (then courts if still contested).
Recall trigger
Three-step staircase: Board → PRC → Courts
Registration by reciprocity is available for foreign midwives whose country grants the same privilege to Filipinos
Memory aid
Think of reciprocity as a 'palitan' (exchange) agreement between countries — like swapping pasalubong. If Country X lets Filipino midwives register there without re-examining, then the Philippines lets Country X's midwives do the same here. If Country X does NOT let Filipinos in, the Philippines says 'walang palitan' (no exchange) and requires the foreign midwife to take the full exam.
Why it works
The Filipino concept of 'palitan' (mutual exchange) is culturally intuitive. The pasalubong analogy makes reciprocity tangible — gifts flow both ways or not at all.
Example usage
Exam question: 'Under what condition may a foreign midwife register in the Philippines without taking the licensure exam?' Recall palitan — her country must also allow Filipino midwives the same privilege.
Recall trigger
Palitan = reciprocity — both countries must give to receive
The PRC is the national agency overseeing all licensed professions; a midwifery licence is valid nationwide
Memory aid
Visualize the PRC as a giant Philippine map with all islands colored in — one license covers ALL islands, from Batanes to Tawi-Tawi. No regional restriction, no separate Visayas licence. One PRC stamp = passport to practise anywhere in the archipelago.
Why it works
The Philippine archipelago map is an iconic, instantly recognizable image. The image of a single stamp covering all 7,641 islands encodes 'nationwide validity' through spatial comprehensiveness.
Example usage
Exam question: 'Is a midwife licensed in Region VII allowed to practise in Region I?' Yes — recall the PRC covers the whole map; the licence is national.
Recall trigger
PRC map stamp = one licence, all islands, nationwide validity
The declared policy of RA 7392 is PUBLIC PROTECTION — ensuring only trained, competent persons provide maternal and child care
Memory aid
Imagine an ina (mother) in a remote barrio going into labor at midnight. She deserves a trained, licensed midwife — not someone untrained who could harm her or her baby. RA 7392 is that ina's guardian: it was written specifically so that every birthing woman in every barrio is protected by a law that says 'only qualified people may help you bring life into this world.' The law's heart beats for the ina and her baby.
Why it works
The human story of a birthing mother in a remote barrio creates emotional resonance. By anchoring the abstract legislative purpose to a real-life Filipino scenario, the policy goal becomes personally meaningful and unforgettable.
Example usage
Exam question: 'What is the primary policy purpose of RA 7392?' Recall the midnight ina — public protection through qualified maternal and child care providers.
Recall trigger
Midnight ina in the barrio — RA 7392 protects her through qualified midwives only
Revision game
I am the 'lola' of midwifery laws — I was born in 1960 and retired in 1992. What is my RA number?
Answer
RA 2644 (the old Philippine Midwifery Act of 1960, repealed by RA 7392)
Memory link
A2 — Lola midwife analogy: the older law (smaller RA number, 1960)
I am not in RA 7392, but I keep your licence alive every 3 years. I was born in 2016. Which law am I?
Answer
RA 10912 — the Continuing Professional Development (CPD) Act of 2016
Memory link
A8 and A9 — gym membership analogy and 12-months-of-learning chunk
I am the Filipino tricycle of midwifery regulation. Count my seats — that is the composition of my Board. How many seats are there, and who fills each one?
Answer
3 seats: 1 Chairman and 2 Members, all appointed by the President of the Philippines
Memory link
A3 (tricycle) and A4 (golden presidential envelope)
She graduated, met FGMN, passed the exam, and swore her oath. What two documents does she receive next, and what title may she now use?
Answer
She receives the Certificate of Registration (COR) and the Professional Identification Card (PIC), and may now use the title Registered Midwife (RM)
Memory link
A6 — OCP-RM sequence mnemonic
A midwife practised without a licence. The hilot was caught. Name the two types of punishment she may face under RA 7392.
Answer
Fine and/or imprisonment under the penal provisions of RA 7392
Memory link
A11 — hilot with handcuffs and fine notice micro-story
I am the acronym for the six grounds on which the PRB can revoke a midwife's COR. Spell me out and name what each letter stands for.
Answer
MIFBPS: Moral turpitude, Immoral conduct, Fraud, Beyond scope, Poor practice (negligence), Sanity/mental incompetence
Memory link
A10 — MIFBPS acronym: 'Many Incompetent Fraudsters Break Professional Standards'
A midwife was found liable by the Board (administrative), convicted by a court (criminal), and ordered to pay damages (civil). Can all three happen at the same time? Name the analogy that explains why.
Answer
Yes — all three liabilities are separate and can run simultaneously. The Three-City analogy: administrative in Manila (PRC), criminal in Davao (court), civil in Cebu (damages) — all at the same time.
Memory link
A12 — three-cities, three-courts analogy
I govern NURSES, not midwives. I was enacted 10 years after RA 7392. My nurses use the title RN, not RM. What is my RA number and year?
Answer
RA 9173 — Philippine Nursing Act of 2002 (10 years after RA 7392 in 1992)
Memory link
A13 — 7 < 9 number trick and two-sisters analogy from Quick Recall Chains
Formula mnemonics
Board Composition = 1 Chairman + 2 Members
Mnemonic
Tricycle Rule: 1 driver (Chairman) + 2 passengers (Members) = 3-person Board
When to use
Any question asking about the number or composition of the Professional Regulatory Board of Midwifery
What each part means
1 Chairman = presides over Board meetings and signs official documents; 2 Members = voting members who assist in exam preparation, adjudication, and regulation
PIC Renewal Cycle = Every 3 Years
Mnemonic
PIC has 3 letters (P-I-C) = renewed every 3 years
When to use
Any question about how frequently a midwife must renew her Professional Identification Card
What each part means
P = Professional, I = Identification, C = Card — 3 words, 3 letters, 3 years; also aligns with the standard PRC renewal cycle across many professions
Licensure Sequence = Exam PASS → Oath → COR + PIC → Title RM
Mnemonic
POCT-RM: Pass, Oath, COR, Title — 'Promising Our Competent Transformers become Registered Midwives'
When to use
Questions about the sequence of steps after passing the midwifery board exam
What each part means
Pass = meet the Board's general average; Oath = professional oath administered by Board; COR = Certificate of Registration; PIC = Professional Identification Card; RM = Registered Midwife title
Three Liabilities = Administrative + Criminal + Civil (all separate, all simultaneous)
Mnemonic
ACC Triangle: Admin (Board/PRC), Criminal (court), Civil (damages) — three corners, one midwife at the center
When to use
Any question about what happens legally when a midwife commits malpractice or illegal practice — all three liabilities may be triggered independently
What each part means
Administrative = Board/PRC sanctions (suspension, revocation); Criminal = courts impose fine and/or imprisonment; Civil = victim/family may sue for damages
Quick recall chains
Steps to Become a Registered Midwife (RM)
Recall test
Can you list all 7 steps to becoming and remaining a licensed Registered Midwife in the Philippines without looking at your notes?
Memory chain
Imagine a Filipino midwifery student named Felicia (F-FGMN requirements), who PASSED her boards on a sunny day in Manila, then SWORE her oath holding her diploma, received a golden CERTIFICATE from the PRC, then flipped it over to find her shiny ID CARD, walked out and put on her RM NAME BADGE, then bought a 3-year PLANNER labeled 'CPD' to remind her to renew. Story: Felicia Passed, Swore, got Certificate, got Card, wore Badge, bought Planner.
Items to remember
- Meet MLE admission requirements (FGMN)
- Pass the licensure examination
- Take the professional oath
- Receive Certificate of Registration (COR)
- Receive Professional Identification Card (PIC)
- Use the title Registered Midwife (RM)
- Renew PIC every 3 years with CPD units (RA 10912)
Grounds for Revocation of COR (MIFBPS)
Recall test
Without looking, list all 6 grounds for revocation using the MIFBPS acronym — what does each letter stand for?
Memory chain
Remember the sentence: 'Many Incompetent Fraudsters Break Professional Standards.' M = Moral turpitude; I = Immoral conduct; F = Fraud; B = Beyond scope; P = Poor practice (negligence); S = Sanity (mental incompetence). Visualize a newspaper headline: 'Many Incompetent Fraudsters Break Professional Standards — PRB Revokes Licences.'
Items to remember
- Moral turpitude (criminal conviction)
- Immoral or dishonourable conduct
- Fraud in obtaining the licence or in the exam
- Beyond scope of midwifery practice
- Poor practice — gross negligence or malpractice
- Sanity/mental incompetence
Key Republic Acts in Midwifery Practice
Recall test
Match each RA number to its popular name and year: 2644, 7392, 9173, 10912.
Memory chain
Number line story: Walking down a timeline: At house number 2644 (1960) lives Lola Hilot — the OLD midwife law. She retired in 1992 when her grandchild moved into house 7392 — the MODERN midwife law. Next door at 9173 (2002) lives the Nurse. Down the street at 10912 (2016) is the Gym where all professionals do CPD training.
Items to remember
- RA 2644 — Philippine Midwifery Act of 1960 (old law, repealed)
- RA 7392 — Philippine Midwifery Act of 1992 (current governing law)
- RA 9173 — Philippine Nursing Act of 2002 (nursing, not midwifery)
- RA 10912 — CPD Act of 2016 (continuing professional development)
Board of Midwifery Powers (AIPIM)
Recall test
List all 5 key powers of the Professional Regulatory Board of Midwifery using AIPIM.
Memory chain
AIPIM — 'A Powerful Impressive Midwifery Board': A = Administer/enforce; I = Issue/suspend/revoke licences; P = Prepare/conduct/rate exam; I = Investigate violations; M = Monitor education. Say 'AIPIM' as one word: 'ay-pim' — imagine a referee (the Board) blowing a whistle and saying 'AY PIM!' to stop a rule-breaker.
Items to remember
- Administer and enforce RA 7392
- Issue/suspend/revoke COR and PIC
- Prepare, conduct, and rate the licensure exam
- Investigate violations and hear administrative cases
- Monitor midwifery education standards
Midwifery vs. Nursing — Quick Comparison Chain
Recall test
Without notes: name the governing law, year, and title for both midwifery and nursing; then list 3 things they share in common.
Memory chain
Two sisters in a hospital: Ate Midwife (older, 1992, badge says RM, works in the delivery room with pregnant women) and Bunso Nurse (younger, 2002, badge says RN, works all floors). Both are under PRC supervision and both go to CPD gym in 2016. Ate focuses on NORMAL births; Bunso handles EVERYTHING. They share: PRC, CPD, Ethics, and the habit of calling for help when it's beyond them.
Items to remember
- Midwifery: RA 7392, 1992, RM title, maternal-child-FP scope, normal deliveries
- Nursing: RA 9173, 2002, RN title, broad general nursing, all conditions
- BOTH: PRC-regulated, CPD under RA 10912, Code of Ethics, recognise-and-refer
Diagrams
RA 7392 Philippine Midwifery Act — Master Mind Map
A comprehensive mind map showing all major provisions of RA 7392 organized into 5 branches: Legislative History, Board of Midwifery, Licensure, Penalties, and the Midwifery vs. Nursing comparison. Use this to see how all chapter concepts connect before drilling individual anchors.
From Applicant to Registered Midwife — Licensure Flowchart
A step-by-step flowchart tracing the complete journey from midwifery graduate to practising Registered Midwife. Includes the FGMN admission requirements, the pass/fail decision point, the oath-COR-PIC sequence, and the 3-year renewal loop with CPD. The final loop reinforces the recognise-and-refer principle at the point of practice.
What Happens When a Midwife is Accused of Misconduct
Shows the three parallel legal pathways that can all be triggered simultaneously when a midwife commits misconduct or illegal practice. The dotted lines between pathways emphasize their independence — an acquittal in criminal court does NOT stop administrative or civil proceedings, and vice versa.
Key Laws in Philippine Midwifery — Historical Timeline
A chronological timeline of the four key republic acts that every midwifery board examinee must know. Visualizes the evolution from the old 1960 law to the modern regulatory framework. The 2002 Nursing Act is included to reinforce the comparison and prevent confusion between RA 7392 and RA 9173.