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Midwife Licensure Exam Leadership & Management in Primary Care — Leadership Styles & Management TheoriesMemory Anchors

Summary Concepts Notes Revision Deep Dive Slides Flashcards Mistakes Cheat Mnemonics Templates

Filipino reviewers do well on Leadership Styles & Management Theories once they have personal mnemonics — the anchors that make the concept local, memorable, and quick to surface under Midwife Licensure Exam time pressure. This page gathers the best-working anchors for Professional Regulation Commission (PRC) — Board of Midwifery's typical Leadership & Management in Primary Care items on this chapter.

Exam context

On the Midwife Licensure Exam 2026, the Leadership & Management in Primary Care subtest carries a "Core" weight in Professional Regulation Commission (PRC) — Board of Midwifery's pattern. Leadership Styles & Management Theories lands at position 1st out of 2 in the standard review order. Target score is 75% weighted average, and roughly a meaningful share of items come from Leadership & Management in Primary Care on a typical Midwife Licensure Exam paper.

Leadership Styles & Management Theories - Memory Anchors

Memory techniques are not just tricks — they are neurologically proven pathways that encode information into long-term memory. When you attach a concept to a vivid image, a funny story, or a familiar Filipino experience, your brain creates multiple retrieval routes. This means even under NLE exam pressure, you can pull the correct answer from memory quickly and confidently. The anchors in this chapter cover every high-yield concept — from Lewin's leadership styles to Herzberg's two-factor theory — using mnemonics, analogies, micro-stories, and visual maps. Use them during your review, test yourself with the recall triggers, and watch your retention soar from cramming to mastering.

Anchors

Topic

Leadership vs. Management

Concept

Leadership vs. Management — the core distinction

Anchor Id

Difficulty

easy

Memory Aid

Think of a BARANGAY FIESTA. The KAPITAN (leader) is the one who inspires the whole barangay to work together, casts the vision of a grand fiesta, and gets everyone excited — even without lifting a single table. The BARANGAY SECRETARY (manager) is the one writing the schedule, counting the budget, assigning who cooks the lechon, and checking that everything runs on time. The Kapitan does the RIGHT things; the Secretary does things RIGHT. Leadership = vision and inspiration; Management = coordination and control.

Anchor Type

analogy

Why It Works

Anchoring abstract concepts to a familiar Filipino community event makes the distinction concrete and emotionally memorable. The barangay context is universally relatable to Filipino students.

Example Usage

NLE question: 'A head nurse reorganizes the duty schedule, allocates budget for supplies, and monitors staff performance.' This is MANAGEMENT (doing things right — coordinating resources). If the question says 'inspires the team toward a shared vision,' that is LEADERSHIP.

Recall Trigger

Barangay Fiesta — Kapitan vs. Secretary

Topic

Five Functions of Management

Concept

The Five Functions of Management (Planning, Organizing, Staffing, Directing, Controlling)

Anchor Id

Difficulty

easy

Memory Aid

Remember: 'POSDC' — say it as 'POSD-C' like 'Post-C' (as in posting your licensure certificate after passing the NLE!). P = Planning, O = Organizing, S = Staffing, D = Directing, C = Controlling. Bonus visual: Imagine you just PASSED the boards and you POST your certificate on the wall — 'POST-C' celebrates your management knowledge forever.

Anchor Type

acronym

Why It Works

Acronyms reduce cognitive load by compressing five items into one memorable code word. Tying it to the emotionally charged goal of passing the NLE creates a powerful emotional memory hook.

Example Usage

NLE question: 'Which management function involves monitoring staff performance against set standards?' Answer: Controlling — the C in POST-C, the last step that checks if everything went according to plan.

Recall Trigger

POST-C (Posting your NLE certificate)

Topic

Lewin's Leadership Styles

Concept

Autocratic leadership style — best in emergencies

Anchor Id

Difficulty

easy

Memory Aid

Imagine it's 3AM in the ER of a Philippine General Hospital. A patient suddenly codes. The charge nurse shouts: 'You — start CPR! You — get the crash cart! You — call the resident NOW!' Nobody argues. Nobody votes. There is NO time for a team meeting. This is AUTOCRATIC leadership — one person decides, directs, and the team obeys instantly. When seconds count, autocratic saves lives. Remember: AUTOCRATIC = A for Action, A for Alert, A for Arrest (cardiac arrest). Fast, decisive, downward communication.

Anchor Type

micro_story

Why It Works

Embedding the concept in a vivid, high-stakes clinical scenario (code blue in a Philippine hospital) creates an episodic memory that is dramatically easier to recall than a textbook definition.

Example Usage

NLE question: 'A fire breaks out in the nursing unit. Which leadership style should the charge nurse use?' Answer: Autocratic — it is an emergency requiring immediate, decisive, top-down direction.

Recall Trigger

Code blue in the ER — 'You, you, you!'

Topic

Lewin's Leadership Styles

Concept

Democratic leadership style — best with competent, motivated staff when time allows

Anchor Id

Difficulty

easy

Memory Aid

Democratic leadership is like a NURSING UNIT TEAM HUDDLE before a morning shift. The head nurse says, 'Okay team, we have a heavy patient load today. Any suggestions on how we divide the assignments?' Everyone gives input, votes, and agrees. The decision takes 10 minutes but everyone is committed because they helped make it. Democratic = D for Dialogue, D for Discussion, D for Both-Directions communication. Best when you have TIME and a COMPETENT TEAM.

Anchor Type

analogy

Why It Works

The familiar team huddle scenario is a direct clinical parallel. The three 'D' connections reinforce the concept through repetition in a meaningful context.

Example Usage

NLE question: 'The nurse manager wants to revise the unit's scheduling policy and asks all staff nurses for their input before deciding.' This is DEMOCRATIC leadership — participative, two-way communication, best with competent and motivated staff.

Recall Trigger

Morning team huddle — everyone talks

Topic

Lewin's Leadership Styles

Concept

Laissez-faire leadership style — best with expert, self-directed professionals

Anchor Id

Difficulty

medium

Memory Aid

Picture a Senior Nurse Specialist in a research unit of UP-PGH. She has 20 years of ICU experience and three post-graduate certifications. Her nurse manager says, 'I trust you completely. You know your patients. Make your own decisions — just update me at the end of the shift.' The manager is HANDS OFF. This is LAISSEZ-FAIRE — French for 'Let them do.' Think: LASÉ (lazy manager) + FAIRE (fair to experts). The manager does nothing, BUT it WORKS because the team is brilliant. Warning: Use this with novices and it becomes CHAOS.

Anchor Type

micro_story

Why It Works

The French origin of the word is explained through a memorable phonetic breakdown (LASÉ-FAIRE). The contrast warning (experts vs. novices) reinforces when NOT to use this style, which is the typical NLE trap.

Example Usage

NLE question: 'A nurse manager oversees a team of highly experienced oncology nurses who require minimal supervision. Which style is appropriate?' Answer: Laissez-faire — hands-off, ideal for self-directed experts.

Recall Trigger

Lasé-Faire = Lazy manager + Expert team

Topic

Lewin's Leadership Styles

Concept

Bureaucratic leadership — manages 'by the book,' relies on rules and policies

Anchor Id

Difficulty

easy

Memory Aid

Picture a nurse manager with a giant RULEBOOK — as thick as the Philippine Nursing Act (RA 9173) — on their desk. Every decision goes through the book: 'What does the policy say? What does the procedure state?' The manager never deviates from the rules. BUREAUCRATIC = BUREAU + CRAZY about rules. Visualize a filing cabinet labeled 'POLICY' that is taller than the manager themselves. Best where STANDARDIZATION is critical (e.g., infection control procedures, medication administration protocols).

Anchor Type

visual_association

Why It Works

The exaggerated visual (a policy cabinet taller than the manager) is absurd enough to be memorable. Linking it to RA 9173 connects to Philippine nursing law context that NLE candidates already know.

Example Usage

NLE question: 'The nurse manager refers strictly to hospital policies and standard operating procedures for all decisions and does not deviate from established rules.' This describes BUREAUCRATIC leadership.

Recall Trigger

Giant rulebook / filing cabinet taller than the manager

Topic

Theories of Leadership

Concept

Transformational Leadership — inspires shared vision, linked to Magnet hospitals and nurse retention

Anchor Id

Difficulty

medium

Memory Aid

Transformational leadership is like a MAGNET — it ATTRACTS and PULLS the entire team toward a powerful shared vision. Just like a magnet aligns metal filings into one direction, a transformational leader aligns nurses toward excellence. The 4 I's of transformational leadership: Idealized Influence, Inspirational Motivation, Intellectual Stimulation, Individualized Consideration — remember 'I-I-I-I' (four I's = four eyes = 'four-eyed visionary leader who sees the big picture!'). This is exactly why the MAGNET MODEL for nursing excellence is built on transformational leadership.

Anchor Type

analogy

Why It Works

The magnet analogy directly parallels the clinical concept (Magnet model) making two concepts reinforce each other. The 'four-eyed visionary' image is humorous and memorable for the four I's.

Example Usage

NLE question: 'Which leadership style is most associated with improved nurse retention, job satisfaction, and better patient outcomes in Magnet-recognized hospitals?' Answer: Transformational leadership.

Recall Trigger

MAGNET pulling everyone in one direction — 4 I's

Topic

Theories of Leadership

Concept

Transactional Leadership — reward for performance, correction for deviations

Anchor Id

Difficulty

medium

Memory Aid

Transactional leadership is like a SARI-SARI STORE TRANSACTION. You give money (performance), you get goods (reward). If you give counterfeit money (deviate from standards), the tindera corrects you immediately. It is a straightforward EXCHANGE: 'Do your job right → get your incentive; Fail → get corrected.' TRANS-ACTIONAL = TRANSACTION. Best for ROUTINE, STABLE operations. Think: 'Sari-sari store nursing — everyday exchange, no inspiration needed.'

Anchor Type

analogy

Why It Works

The sari-sari store is the most universally Filipino commercial analogy possible, making an abstract leadership concept instantly concrete and culturally resonant.

Example Usage

NLE question: 'The nurse manager gives salary bonuses to nurses who meet their productivity targets and gives written warnings to those who do not comply with standards.' This is TRANSACTIONAL leadership — exchange-based, reward and correction.

Recall Trigger

Sari-sari store — give and get, no extras

Topic

Motivation Theories

Concept

Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs — 5 levels in order

Anchor Id

Difficulty

easy

Memory Aid

Use the phrase: 'Please Send Love Every Saturday' — P = Physiological, S = Safety, L = Love/Belonging, E = Esteem, S = Self-Actualization. Visual: Imagine climbing UP the staircase of a hospital building every Saturday — the ground floor has the basic survival supplies (oxygen, food = Physiological), the second floor has security cameras (Safety), third floor has the nurses' lounge for teamwork (Love), fourth floor has the awards wall (Esteem), and the rooftop is the nurses' meditation garden for personal growth (Self-Actualization).

Anchor Type

mnemonic

Why It Works

The 'Please Send Love Every Saturday' sentence creates a verbal cue while the hospital staircase visualization adds a spatial memory map. Together they reinforce both the order and the meaning of each level.

Example Usage

NLE question: 'According to Maslow, which need must be met FIRST before a patient can be motivated to attend health teaching?' Answer: Physiological needs — the patient must be comfortable, pain-free, and breathing adequately before they can focus on learning (P = first step).

Recall Trigger

Please Send Love Every Saturday — hospital staircase

Topic

Motivation Theories

Concept

Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory — Hygiene factors vs. Motivators

Anchor Id

A10

Difficulty

medium

Memory Aid

Nurse Ana works in a government hospital. The bathroom is clean, her salary is fair, and her shift schedule is reasonable — these HYGIENE factors keep her from quitting, but she doesn't wake up EXCITED to go to work. One day, her chief nurse publicly recognizes her for saving a patient's life, gives her a more challenging patient assignment, and promotes her to team leader. NOW she is motivated! The MOTIVATORS (recognition, responsibility, achievement) are what spark genuine enthusiasm. Memory key: HYGIENE prevents disease (dissatisfaction) but doesn't make you healthy (motivated). MOTIVATORS are the vitamins that make you THRIVE.

Anchor Type

micro_story

Why It Works

The story of Nurse Ana grounds the two-factor theory in a relatable Philippine public health setting. The hygiene/health metaphor is brilliantly self-referential for nursing students.

Example Usage

NLE question: 'The nurse manager improves the nurses' break room and increases salaries. Staff nurses are less dissatisfied, but motivation has not improved. What theory explains this?' Answer: Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory — improving hygiene factors removes dissatisfaction but does not create true motivation.

Recall Trigger

Nurse Ana — clean bathroom vs. public recognition

Topic

Motivation Theories

Concept

McGregor's Theory X vs. Theory Y

Anchor Id

A11

Difficulty

easy

Memory Aid

Picture two nursing supervisors: SUPERVISOR X has a scowling face and crossed arms (like the letter X). She believes nurses are lazy and will avoid work unless threatened and controlled → autocratic style. SUPERVISOR Y has a thumbs-up and a big smile (the Y looks like two arms raised in praise). She believes nurses are self-motivated, creative, and seek responsibility → participative/democratic style. X = eXamine and control. Y = Yes, I trust You! The letter shape itself tells the story.

Anchor Type

visual_association

Why It Works

Attaching personality images to the letters X and Y creates immediate visual-verbal encoding. The letter shapes (X = closed/crossed, Y = open/upraised) naturally suggest the managerial attitudes.

Example Usage

NLE question: 'A nurse manager believes that employees are inherently lazy and must be closely supervised and threatened with punishment to perform. This reflects which theory?' Answer: McGregor's Theory X.

Recall Trigger

Supervisor X (crossed arms) vs. Supervisor Y (thumbs up)

Topic

Motivation Theories

Concept

Vroom's Expectancy Theory — Effort → Performance → Reward (EVIe formula)

Anchor Id

A12

Difficulty

hard

Memory Aid

Remember EVIe — Expectancy (E), Valence (V), Instrumentality (I). Think of EVIe as a nurse named Evie who works hard: Evie EXPECTS her effort will lead to good PERFORMANCE (Expectancy). She believes good performance will lead to a REWARD (Instrumentality). And she TRULY VALUES that reward (Valence). If any one of these three fails, Evie loses motivation. Formula reminder: Motivation = E × V × I (if any factor = 0, motivation = 0!).

Anchor Type

acronym

Why It Works

Personifying the formula as a nurse named Evie turns an abstract multiplicative formula into a human story. The zero-multiplication rule becomes intuitive through the narrative.

Example Usage

NLE question: 'A nurse works hard but believes there is no chance her performance will lead to any reward. According to Vroom, why is she demotivated?' Answer: Instrumentality is zero (she does not believe performance leads to reward), so overall motivation = 0 regardless of effort or reward value.

Recall Trigger

Nurse Evie — Expectancy, Valence, Instrumentality

Topic

Motivation Theories

Concept

Adams' Equity Theory — perceived fairness of input-to-reward ratio

Anchor Id

A13

Difficulty

medium

Memory Aid

Equity Theory is like PAGKAIN SA POTLUCK PARTY. You bring a whole lechon (huge input) but receive one small cup of rice (small reward), while your colleague who brought only a bag of chips (small input) gets two big plates of food (large reward). You feel UNFAIR and demotivated! Adams says people constantly compare their input:output ratio to others. When it feels unfair → dissatisfaction and reduced effort. Fair EQUITY = happy, motivated nurses. Think: EQUITY = EQUALITY at the potluck.

Anchor Type

analogy

Why It Works

The potluck party analogy is immediately understood in Filipino social culture where food-sharing fairness is deeply felt. The lechon vs. chips contrast is vivid and emotionally evocative.

Example Usage

NLE question: 'A staff nurse feels demotivated after learning that a colleague with the same qualifications and workload receives a higher allowance. What theory applies?' Answer: Adams' Equity Theory — perceived unfairness in input-to-reward ratio causes demotivation.

Recall Trigger

Potluck lechon vs. bag of chips — unfair reward

Topic

Theories of Leadership

Concept

Hersey and Blanchard's Situational Leadership — match style to follower readiness

Anchor Id

A14

Difficulty

medium

Memory Aid

Imagine a new graduate nurse on her first day: the head nurse TELLS her exactly what to do step by step (Telling style — low readiness). After a month, the new nurse starts asking questions, so the head nurse explains the WHY and SELLS the reason (Selling style). After three months, the nurse is competent but still a bit unsure, so the head nurse asks for her input and they decide TOGETHER (Participating style). By year two, the nurse is fully competent and confident, so the head nurse simply DELEGATES assignments to her. Four stages: TELL → SELL → PARTICIPATE → DELEGATE. Memory shortcut: 'Babies grow up: T-S-P-D — Toddlers Slowly Progress Daily.'

Anchor Type

micro_story

Why It Works

The progression from new graduate to experienced nurse is personally meaningful to NLE candidates who are literally at the beginning of this journey. The baby-to-adult growth metaphor makes the sequence intuitive.

Example Usage

NLE question: 'A head nurse is working with a new nursing graduate who lacks experience but shows high enthusiasm. According to Hersey and Blanchard, which leadership style is most appropriate?' Answer: Telling — high task direction, low relationship support for low-readiness followers.

Recall Trigger

New grad to expert nurse — Tell, Sell, Participate, Delegate

Topic

Management Theories

Concept

Taylor's Scientific Management — 'one best way,' standardize work

Anchor Id

A15

Difficulty

easy

Memory Aid

Frederick Taylor is the EFFICIENCY ENGINEER of nursing management. Think of a JOLLIBEE kitchen: every burger is made exactly the same way, every fry cooked for exactly the same time. There is ONE BEST WAY to do it, and workers are trained to follow it perfectly for maximum efficiency. Taylor TIMED workers with a stopwatch and redesigned tasks for efficiency. In nursing: standardized procedures, care protocols, and clinical pathways are Taylor's legacy. TAYLOR = TIME + TASK + standardiZATION.

Anchor Type

analogy

Why It Works

Jollibee is the most iconic Filipino fast food brand and every student instantly understands its standardized operations, making Taylor's abstract principle vivid and concrete.

Example Usage

NLE question: 'Which management theorist believed that analyzing work scientifically to find the most efficient method would maximize productivity?' Answer: Frederick Taylor — Scientific Management.

Recall Trigger

Jollibee kitchen — one best way to make a burger

Topic

Management Theories

Concept

Fayol's Administrative/Classical Management — defined the 5 management functions and 14 principles

Anchor Id

A16

Difficulty

medium

Memory Aid

Remember: 'FAYOL = FUNCTIONS ARE YOUR OPERATIONAL LIFELINE.' Fayol is the FATHER of management functions — he gave us Planning, Organizing, Staffing, Directing, Controlling (POST-C). He also gave us 14 principles. Think: Fayol has 14 fingers (7 on each hand, just imagine it!) to represent his 14 principles. His most important: Unity of Command (one boss), Unity of Direction (one plan), and Scalar Chain (clear chain of command). Fayol = FOUNDATION of management theory.

Anchor Type

mnemonic

Why It Works

The '14 fingers' is deliberately absurd and thus memorable. Linking Fayol explicitly to POST-C reinforces the earlier acronym and creates cross-anchor reinforcement.

Example Usage

NLE question: 'Who is credited with defining the universal functions of management and the 14 principles of administration?' Answer: Henri Fayol — Classical/Administrative Management.

Recall Trigger

Fayol with 14 fingers — Father of Management Functions

Topic

Management Theories

Concept

Hawthorne Effect / Human Relations Movement (Elton Mayo) — being watched improves performance

Anchor Id

A17

Difficulty

medium

Memory Aid

Elton Mayo went to the Hawthorne plant and observed workers. He noticed something strange: no matter what he changed — brighter lights, dimmer lights, shorter breaks, longer breaks — productivity went UP simply because workers felt WATCHED and VALUED. In nursing: when the nurse manager rounds the unit and pays attention to staff, performance improves — not because of what the manager changed, but because of the attention itself. Remember: 'MAYO = Making Attention Yield Output.' The Hawthorne Effect = being observed improves behavior. Think of yourself during NLE clinical exams — you always performed better when the examiner was watching!

Anchor Type

micro_story

Why It Works

The NLE clinical exam personal experience is universally relatable to all nursing graduates and creates an autobiographical memory hook for the Hawthorne Effect.

Example Usage

NLE question: 'Research at the Hawthorne plant showed that workers' productivity improved simply because they were given attention and felt valued, regardless of physical changes. What theory does this support?' Answer: Human Relations Movement / Hawthorne Effect by Elton Mayo.

Recall Trigger

Performing better when the examiner watches you

Topic

Management Theories

Concept

TQM / Deming — PDCA/PDSA Cycle for continuous quality improvement

Anchor Id

A18

Difficulty

medium

Memory Aid

Remember the PDCA cycle with this chant: 'PLAN what you'll do, DO it with care, CHECK if it works, ACT to repair!' PLAN → DO → CHECK → ACT (repeat forever — it is a CYCLE, never stops). Deming says quality is EVERYONE's job and improvement is continuous. In the Philippine hospital setting: think of Infection Control Committee using PDCA to reduce HAIs — they plan a new handwashing protocol, implement it, check infection rates, then adjust the protocol. DEMING = D for Data-Driven, D for Do it again and again.

Anchor Type

rhyme

Why It Works

The chant format engages auditory and rhythmic memory pathways simultaneously. Clinical application in Philippine infection control makes it contextually real for NLE candidates.

Example Usage

NLE question: 'Which management approach emphasizes continuous, data-driven improvement of processes and involves a four-step cycle?' Answer: Total Quality Management / Deming's PDCA (Plan-Do-Check-Act) cycle.

Recall Trigger

PLAN-DO-CHECK-ACT chant

Topic

Five Functions of Management

Concept

Planning is the FIRST and most fundamental management function

Anchor Id

A19

Difficulty

easy

Memory Aid

Planning is like the CARE PLAN in nursing — you NEVER give medication, change a dressing, or start an IV without first ASSESSING and PLANNING. In management, you never organize, staff, direct, or control without first PLANNING. Just as the nursing process starts with Assessment → Diagnosis → PLANNING, management starts with PLANNING. A ship without a navigation plan is just floating. A unit without a plan is just chaos. Planning = the NORTH STAR of all management functions. Remember: 'No plan = No purpose = No POST-C!'

Anchor Type

analogy

Why It Works

Connecting planning's primacy in management to the nursing care plan process (which NLE candidates know deeply) creates cross-domain reinforcement through a familiar professional framework.

Example Usage

NLE question: 'Which management function is considered the foundation upon which all other functions are based?' Answer: Planning — it is the first and most fundamental function; all other functions (organizing, staffing, directing, controlling) depend on it.

Recall Trigger

Care Plan — you plan before you act

Topic

Five Functions of Management

Concept

Controlling — compares performance to standards, closes the management loop

Anchor Id

A20

Difficulty

easy

Memory Aid

Controlling is the QUALITY CONTROL NURSE at the END of the assembly line — she checks every chart, every medication record, every outcome against the standard. If something does not match, she flags it for correction. Visualize a nurse with a CHECKLIST and a RED MARKER at the end of a long conveyor belt of nursing actions. CONTROLLING = COMPARING + CORRECTING. It always circles BACK to planning — the loop is closed. Think of controlling as the SPHYGMOMANOMETER CHECK: you take the BP (measure), compare to normal values (standard), and adjust treatment if abnormal (correct). The circle of the BP cuff = the loop of controlling.

Anchor Type

visual_association

Why It Works

The sphygmomanometer analogy is deeply embedded in nursing identity and transforms an abstract management concept into a concrete clinical action every nurse performs daily.

Example Usage

NLE question: 'A nurse manager reviews incident reports, compares infection rates to hospital benchmarks, and implements corrective measures. Which management function is being performed?' Answer: Controlling.

Recall Trigger

BP cuff check — measure, compare to normal, correct if needed

Topic

Theories of Leadership

Concept

Servant Leadership — leader's primary aim is to serve the team

Anchor Id

A21

Difficulty

medium

Memory Aid

Servant Leadership is like the HEAD NURSE who stays after her shift to help junior nurses complete their charting, who asks 'How can I help you?' before 'How are your numbers?' — she leads by SERVING. Think of Jesus washing the feet of his disciples — pure servant leadership. In the Philippine healthcare context, nurse leaders in community health centers who personally do home visits alongside their staff embody servant leadership. The leader is at the BOTTOM of the pyramid, holding everyone else UP. Flip the traditional org chart upside down: the leader is the foundation, not the pinnacle.

Anchor Type

analogy

Why It Works

The foot-washing analogy resonates deeply in the predominantly Catholic Filipino culture. The inverted organizational pyramid is a striking visual contrast to the conventional hierarchy.

Example Usage

NLE question: 'A nurse manager prioritizes the needs and development of her staff nurses above her own recognition and position. Which leadership style does she demonstrate?' Answer: Servant Leadership.

Recall Trigger

Upside-down org chart — leader at the bottom holding everyone up

Revision Game

Laissez-faire leadership

Clue

I am the French term for 'let them do.' I work best with experts but cause chaos with beginners. What leadership style am I?

Memory Link

A5 — Lasé-Faire = Lazy manager + Expert team

Elton Mayo — Hawthorne Effect / Human Relations Movement

Clue

I am the management theorist who went to a factory and discovered that workers performed better simply because someone was paying attention to them. Who am I?

Memory Link

A17 — Performing better when the examiner watches you

Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory — Hygiene Factors (prevent dissatisfaction) and Motivators (create true satisfaction)

Clue

I have two factors: one prevents unhappiness when present, but only the other truly motivates. Name both factors and their theorist.

Memory Link

A10 — Nurse Ana: clean bathroom vs. public recognition

Controlling — the C in POST-C, closes the management loop back to Planning

Clue

I am the LAST of the five management functions, but I loop back to the FIRST. I compare actual performance to set standards and correct deviations. What function am I?

Memory Link

A20 — BP cuff check: measure, compare to normal, correct

Vroom's Expectancy Theory — Expectancy (effort→performance), Instrumentality (performance→reward), Valence (value of the reward). Motivation = E × I × V

Clue

A nurse is motivated because she believes her hard work will lead to promotion, and she REALLY wants that promotion. Which theorist explains this, and what are his three variables?

Memory Link

A12 — Nurse EVIe multiplies everything

Frederick Taylor — Scientific Management

Clue

I am the management theorist who believed there is ONE BEST WAY to do every task, and I used a stopwatch to time workers. I am the Filipino fast food kitchen's spiritual founder. Who am I?

Memory Link

A15 — Jollibee kitchen: one best way to make a burger

Transformational Leadership — Idealized Influence, Inspirational Motivation, Intellectual Stimulation, Individualized Consideration

Clue

I inspire followers to transcend self-interest for a shared vision. The Magnet Model for nursing excellence is built on me. I have four I's. What leadership style am I?

Memory Link

A7 — MAGNET pulling everyone in one direction with 4 I's

McGregor's Theory X (control/autocratic) and Theory Y (trust/participative)

Clue

According to me, a manager who believes employees are lazy and must be coerced uses Theory __, while a manager who believes employees are self-directed and seek responsibility uses Theory __. Who gave us these two theories?

Memory Link

A11 — Supervisor X (crossed arms) vs. Supervisor Y (thumbs up)

Plan = identify the problem and design a solution; Do = implement the solution on a small scale; Check = measure outcomes against expectations; Act = standardize if successful or redesign if not, then restart the cycle.

Taylor — Scientific Management, one best way
Fayol — Administrative Management, 14 principles, 5 functions
Weber — Bureaucratic Management, hierarchy and rules
Mayo — Human Relations, Hawthorne Effect
Deming — TQM, PDCA cycle

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Midwife Licensure Exam Leadership & Management in Primary Care — Leadership Styles & Management TheoriesMemory Anchors

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Leadership Styles & Management Theories - Memory Anchors

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