LET Secondary Social Sciences — Physical Education, Health & MusicFlash Cards

What are the five health-related components of physical fitness?

The five health-related components are: 1) Cardiovascular endurance - ability of heart and lungs to work efficiently, 2) Muscular strength - maximum force a muscle can exert, 3) Muscular endurance - ability to use muscles repeatedly without fatigue, 4) Flexibility - range of motion in joints, 5) Body composition - ratio of fat to lean body mass. These components are essential for overall health and are assessed in elementary PE programs.

Classify these movement skills: walking, bending, throwing, jumping, twisting, catching

Locomotor skills (movement through space): walking, jumping. Non-locomotor skills (stationary movements): bending, twisting. Manipulative skills (handling objects): throwing, catching. These fundamental movement skills form the foundation of all physical activities and should be developed progressively in Grades 1-6 following the K-12 PE curriculum.

Tinikling

A traditional Filipino folk dance from Leyte featuring two bamboo poles that are rhythmically tapped on the ground and against each other. Dancers step in and out between the poles, mimicking the movements of the tikling bird avoiding bamboo traps. This dance develops coordination, rhythm, and cultural appreciation. It's commonly taught in elementary schools as part of preserving Filipino heritage.

What are the five dimensions of health according to the holistic health model?

1) Physical health - condition of the body and its systems, 2) Mental/Emotional health - feelings, thoughts, and psychological well-being, 3) Social health - relationships and interactions with others, 4) Spiritual health - sense of meaning, purpose, and values, 5) Environmental health - quality of surroundings and their impact on well-being. Elementary teachers must address all dimensions to promote total child development.

Pinggang Pinoy

The Philippine healthy plate model developed by the Food and Nutrition Research Institute (FNRI). It shows proper food proportions: 1/2 plate of Go foods (rice, bread, root crops for energy), 1/4 plate of Grow foods (fish, meat, beans for body-building), 1/4 plate of Glow foods (fruits and vegetables for protection), plus a glass of water. This model helps elementary pupils understand balanced nutrition using familiar Filipino foods.

Compare communicable and non-communicable diseases with examples common in Filipino children.

Communicable diseases spread from person to person through germs/pathogens. Examples: colds, flu, dengue, tuberculosis, COVID-19, measles. Prevention: vaccination, hand washing, mosquito control. Non-communicable diseases don't spread between people. Examples: asthma, anemia, allergies, malnutrition. Prevention: healthy lifestyle, proper nutrition, exercise. Both types require different health education approaches in elementary classrooms.

What does R.I.C.E. stand for in first aid, and when is it used?

R.I.C.E. stands for Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation. Used for treating sprains and strains: Rest the injured area, apply Ice to reduce swelling (10-15 minutes), apply gentle Compression with elastic bandage, Elevate the injured part above heart level if possible. Elementary teachers should know this basic first aid for playground injuries. Always seek medical attention for severe injuries.

What are the seven elements of music?

1) Rhythm - pattern of beats and time, 2) Melody - sequence of pitches forming a tune, 3) Harmony - combination of notes played together, 4) Dynamics - loudness and softness (forte, piano), 5) Tempo - speed of music (allegro, andante), 6) Timbre - quality or color of sound, 7) Texture - layers of sound (monophonic, homophonic, polyphonic). These elements help elementary students analyze and understand music systematically.

Solfege

A system of naming musical pitches using syllables: Do, Re, Mi, Fa, Sol, La, Ti, Do. Also called solmization. Used worldwide for sight-singing and ear training. In moveable Do system, Do can be any pitch depending on the key. Helps elementary students develop pitch recognition and singing skills. Often taught with hand signs (Curwen hand signs) to reinforce learning.

Name three Filipino folk songs commonly taught in elementary and their cultural significance.

1) Bahay Kubo - lists vegetables grown around a traditional nipa hut, teaches about Filipino agriculture and simple living, 2) Leron Leron Sinta - courtship song about climbing a papaya tree, shows traditional Filipino romance customs, 3) Magtanim Ay Di Biro - about the hardships of rice planting, honors Filipino farmers and agricultural heritage. These songs preserve cultural values and connect children to their roots.

Kundiman

A traditional Filipino love song characterized by slow 3/4 time signature, tender emotion, and themes of unrequited love or longing for the homeland. Often considered the Filipino equivalent of a serenade. Notable composers include Francisco Santiago and Nicanor Abelardo. During Spanish and American periods, kundiman also carried messages of patriotism and resistance, making it both a musical and cultural treasure.

Which traditional Filipino game develops territorial strategy and requires players to cross lines without being tagged?

Patintero. Players form two teams: guards who try to tag runners along designated lines, and runners who attempt to cross all lines and return safely. Develops strategic thinking, agility, teamwork, and spatial awareness. Played on a rectangular court with parallel lines. This game embodies Filipino values of cooperation and fair play while providing excellent cardiovascular exercise.

What safety measures should elementary teachers implement during PE classes?

1) Conduct proper warm-up and cool-down activities, 2) Ensure students wear appropriate footwear and attire, 3) Use age-appropriate equipment in good condition, 4) Have first-aid kit readily available, 5) Provide regular hydration breaks, 6) Inspect play area for hazards, 7) Teach proper techniques before activities, 8) Supervise actively and maintain appropriate student-teacher ratios. Following RA 7610 (Child Protection Act), teachers must ensure physical and emotional safety of all students.

How does music integrate with other subjects in elementary education?

Math: rhythm patterns teach fractions (quarter notes = 1/4), counting beats. Language: songs improve pronunciation, vocabulary, and phonics through rhyme and rhythm. Science: sound waves, vibrations, and physics of instruments. Social Studies: folk songs teach history and culture. PE: rhythm for movement and dance coordination. This integration supports the K-12 curriculum's emphasis on interconnected learning and multiple intelligences.

What is the difference between head voice and chest voice in elementary singing?

Head voice: higher, lighter sound that resonates in the head cavity, used for higher pitches, sounds more breathy and pure. Chest voice: lower, stronger sound that resonates in the chest cavity, used for lower pitches, sounds fuller and more powerful. Elementary students should primarily use head voice for healthy vocal development. Teachers should demonstrate proper posture, breathing, and encourage light, natural singing to prevent vocal strain.

A student shows signs of persistent sadness and withdrawal. What mental health considerations should an elementary teacher address?

Recognize signs: prolonged sadness, isolation, changes in eating/sleeping, declining academic performance. Provide: safe space for expression, active listening without judgment, encouragement for healthy coping activities. Actions: consult guidance counselor, inform parents/guardians appropriately, maintain confidentiality while ensuring safety. Never attempt to diagnose or provide therapy. Follow RA 7610 protocols for child protection and school policies for mental health referrals.

Kulintang

A traditional gong ensemble from Mindanao, particularly among the Maranao, Maguindanao, and other Muslim groups. Consists of eight graduated bronze gongs arranged in a row. The main melody instrument in the ensemble, accompanied by other percussion instruments. Represents the sophistication of pre-colonial Filipino music and serves important social and ceremonial functions. Recognized as an Intangible Cultural Heritage by UNESCO.

What does 'good touch, bad touch' education teach elementary students?

Age-appropriate body safety education: Good touch feels safe, comfortable, and caring (hugs from family, medical check-ups with parents present). Bad touch feels uncomfortable, confusing, or wrong (touching private body parts, requests to keep secrets about touching). Teaches body ownership, right to say 'no,' and importance of telling trusted adults. Essential component of child protection under RA 7610, helping prevent abuse through awareness and reporting.

Compare monophonic, homophonic, and polyphonic musical textures with examples.

Monophonic: single melody line without accompaniment (Gregorian chant, unaccompanied solo singing). Homophonic: main melody with harmonic accompaniment (most popular songs, hymns with piano). Polyphonic: multiple independent melody lines played simultaneously (rounds like 'Row, Row, Row Your Boat,' Bach fugues). Elementary students can experience these through singing activities and listening exercises to develop musical understanding.

How should elementary teachers assess student performance in MAPEH subjects?

Use performance-based assessment rather than traditional written tests. PE: observe motor skills, fitness levels, participation, sportsmanship. Health: practical demonstrations (hand washing, first aid), health journals, behavior changes. Music: singing performance, rhythm activities, instrument playing, listening responses. Assessment should be inclusive, considering different ability levels, and focus on effort, improvement, and participation rather than just skill mastery. Document progress through rubrics and portfolios.