Physical Education, Health & Music - Cheat Sheet
Your last-minute revision companion for Physical Education, Health & Music - essential facts for the LET General Education exam
Physical Education
Formulas
BMI = Weight (kg) ÷ Height² (m²)
Meaning
Body Mass Index - weight in kilograms, height in meters squared
Watch out
Remember to square the height - common error is forgetting the exponent
When to use
Assessing student health status and fitness levels
Target Heart Rate = (220 - Age) × Intensity%
Meaning
220 is maximum theoretical heart rate, intensity is 50-85% for exercise
Watch out
Age is chronological age, not fitness age - use actual years
When to use
Setting appropriate exercise intensity for students
Common values
Value
70-120 bpm
Symbol
HR
Quantity
Normal resting heart rate (children)
Value
60 minutes
Symbol
PA
Quantity
Recommended daily physical activity
Important facts
- Arnis is the national sport of the Philippines (RA 9850)
- Warm-up prevents injury, cool-down aids recovery
- Tinikling represents national identity through movement
- Elementary PE focuses on fundamental movement skills before specialized sports
- Safety equipment must be age-appropriate and properly maintained
- Students should have 60 minutes of physical activity daily (WHO recommendation)
- Folk dances preserve cultural heritage while developing motor skills
Key definitions
Physical Literacy
Example
Student confidently participates in various sports and physical activities
Ability, confidence, and desire to be physically active for life
Motor Skills
Example
Catching a ball, jumping rope, or performing folk dance steps
Learned abilities to perform movement tasks with precision
Health-Related Fitness
Example
Ability to run without getting tired, strong muscles, flexible joints
Components directly related to health: cardiovascular endurance, strength, flexibility, body composition
Skill-Related Fitness
Example
Quick reflexes in table tennis, balance in gymnastics
Components related to athletic performance: agility, balance, coordination, power, reaction time, speed
Diagrams to know
- Human body systems involved in movement (skeletal, muscular, cardiovascular)
- Proper throwing and catching techniques
- Basketball court dimensions and positions
- Track and field event layouts
Health Education
Common values
Value
6-8 glasses
Symbol
H₂O
Quantity
Daily water intake (children)
Value
9-11 hours
Symbol
Sleep
Quantity
Sleep requirement (elementary age)
Important facts
- Go-Grow-Glow food groups: Go (energy), Grow (body-building), Glow (protective)
- Pinggang Pinoy is the Philippine healthy plate model
- Hand washing is the most effective way to prevent disease transmission
- R.I.C.E. treatment: Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation for injuries
- Five dimensions of health: physical, mental, social, spiritual, environmental
- Vaccination prevents communicable diseases
- Mental health is as important as physical health
- Child protection: good touch vs. bad touch education
- Disaster preparedness includes earthquake drills and typhoon preparation
Key definitions
Health
Example
Student feels good physically, emotionally stable, has friends, finds meaning in life
Complete physical, mental, social, and spiritual well-being, not merely absence of disease
Communicable Disease
Example
COVID-19, dengue fever, tuberculosis, measles
Disease transmitted from person to person through direct or indirect contact
Non-communicable Disease
Example
Diabetes, hypertension, asthma, heart disease
Disease not transmitted between people, often lifestyle-related
First Aid
Example
Cleaning cuts, applying bandages, R.I.C.E. for sprains
Immediate care given to injured or ill person before medical help arrives
Diagrams to know
- Food pyramid and Pinggang Pinoy model
- Human body systems (digestive, respiratory, circulatory)
- Proper hand washing technique
- Basic first aid procedures
Music Education
Common values
Value
5 lines, 4 spaces
Symbol
Staff
Quantity
Lines in musical staff
Value
4 beats per measure
Symbol
4/4
Quantity
Beats in common time
Important facts
- Solfege syllables: Do-Re-Mi-Fa-Sol-La-Ti-Do
- Time signatures: 4/4 (four quarter notes per measure), 3/4 (three quarter notes), 6/8 (six eighth notes)
- Treble clef (G-clef) and bass clef (F-clef) are the two main clefs
- Note values: whole, half, quarter, eighth, sixteenth notes
- Philippine folk songs preserve cultural heritage
- Kundiman is traditional Filipino love song in slow 3/4 time
- National Artists for Music include Levi Celerio, Ryan Cayabyab, Lucio San Pedro
- Indigenous instruments: kulintang (Mindanao), kudyapi (Lumad), gangsa (Cordillera)
- Music integrates with other subjects (math patterns, language rhythm, history culture)
Key definitions
Rhythm
Example
Clapping to the beat of Bahay Kubo
Pattern of beats and time values in music
Melody
Example
The main tune you sing in Leron Leron Sinta
Sequence of musical pitches creating a tune
Harmony
Example
Chords played on guitar while singing
Combination of different musical notes played simultaneously
Dynamics
Example
Singing softly during verse, loudly during chorus
Loudness and softness in music (forte, piano)
Tempo
Example
Kundiman is typically slow tempo, marches are fast tempo
Speed of music (allegro=fast, andante=moderate, adagio=slow)
Diagrams to know
- Musical staff with treble and bass clefs
- Note values and their corresponding rests
- Piano keyboard showing white and black keys
- Basic conducting patterns (2/4, 3/4, 4/4)
Philippine Traditional Games
Important facts
- Traditional games develop motor skills, strategy, and social cooperation
- Piko is Filipino version of hopscotch using flat stone
- Luksong Tinik involves jumping over crossed hands/feet
- Sipa uses rattan ball kicked without using hands
- Sungka is traditional board game using shells or stones
- These games require minimal equipment but maximum participation
- Games teach values like honesty, fair play, and teamwork
Key definitions
Larong Pambata
Example
Patintero, Tumbang Preso, Piko, Sipa
Traditional Filipino children's games passed down through generations
Patintero
Example
Guards try to tag runners crossing their territory
Tag game with territorial strategy using lines and runners
Tumbang Preso
Example
Players throw slippers at can while guard protects it
Throwing game using slippers to knock down tin can
Diagrams to know
- Patintero court layout with lines and positions
- Piko/hopscotch pattern and numbered squares
- Sungka board with holes and game pieces
Philippine Folk Dances
Important facts
- Folk dances preserve Philippine cultural heritage
- Each region has distinct dance styles and costumes
- Dances tell stories of daily life, courtship, and celebrations
- Pandanggo sa Ilaw features dancers balancing oil lamps
- Itik-Itik mimics movements of ducks
- Maglalatik uses coconut shells as rhythm instruments
- Subli is Batangas ritual dance honoring Holy Cross
Key definitions
Tinikling
Example
Dancers step in and out of clapping bamboo poles
National folk dance using bamboo poles, originated in Leyte
Cariñosa
Example
Partners dance with fans and handkerchiefs
Spanish-influenced courtship dance, often called national folk dance
Singkil
Example
Dancer gracefully steps between clashing bamboo poles
Maranao royal dance telling story of Princess Gandingan
Diagrams to know
- Basic folk dance positions and formations
- Traditional Filipino costumes for different dances
- Bamboo pole arrangements for Tinikling and Singkil
Must remember
- Arnis is the national sport of the Philippines (RA 9850)
- Five dimensions of health: physical, mental, social, spiritual, environmental
- Go-Grow-Glow food groups represent energy, body-building, and protective foods
- Tinikling is the most recognized Philippine folk dance, originated in Leyte
- R.I.C.E. treatment for injuries: Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation
- Solfege syllables: Do-Re-Mi-Fa-Sol-La-Ti-Do for pitch recognition
- Health-related fitness: cardiovascular, strength, flexibility, body composition
- Traditional games (larong pambata) develop motor skills and cultural values
- National Artists for Music include Levi Celerio, Ryan Cayabyab, Lucio San Pedro
- MAPEH subjects integrate to provide holistic education for elementary students
Last minute tips
- For PE questions, remember safety comes first - proper warm-up, equipment, and supervision
- Health questions often test the five dimensions - don't forget spiritual and environmental aspects
- Music theory: treble clef = G clef, bass clef = F clef, remember the acronyms for line/space notes
- Philippine cultural content is heavily tested - know origins of major folk dances and games
- Integration is key - expect questions on how MAPEH subjects support each other and other subjects
Comparison tables
Health-Related vs Skill-Related Fitness
| Component | Health-Related | Skill-Related |
|---|---|---|
| Primary Focus | Health maintenance | Athletic performance |
| Components | Cardiovascular, strength, flexibility, body composition | Agility, balance, coordination, power, reaction time, speed |
| Importance | Essential for all students | Important for sports participation |
| Assessment | Fitness tests, health screenings | Sports skills tests, performance measures |
Communicable vs Non-Communicable Diseases
| Aspect | Communicable | Non-Communicable |
|---|---|---|
| Transmission | Person to person | Not transmitted between people |
| Examples | COVID-19, dengue, TB, measles | Diabetes, hypertension, asthma |
| Prevention | Vaccination, hygiene, isolation | Healthy lifestyle, regular checkups |
| Causes | Bacteria, viruses, parasites | Genetics, lifestyle, environment |
Time Signatures in Music
| Time Signature | Beats per Measure | Note Value | Example |
|---|---|---|---|
| 4/4 | 4 | Quarter note | Most pop songs, marches |
| 3/4 | 3 | Quarter note | Waltzes, Kundiman |
| 2/4 | 2 | Quarter note | Simple folk songs |
| 6/8 | 6 | Eighth note | Compound time songs |
Diagrams
MAPEH Subject Integration Overview
Comprehensive overview showing the interconnected components of MAPEH subjects and their key elements
Traditional Game Selection Process
Decision-making process for selecting appropriate traditional games based on student age and available space
Philippine Music National Artists Timeline
Timeline showing when major Filipino musicians were recognized as National Artists, important for cultural heritage questions