NLE Respiratory Nursing — Chronic Obstructive & Restrictive Pulmonary DisordersConcept Map

Concept

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

Sub Concepts

• Chronic Bronchitis (Blue Bloater)
• Emphysema (Pink Puffer)
• Pathophysiology
• Risk Factors
• Clinical Manifestations
• Diagnostics
• Management
• Complications

Relationship To Central

Major category of chronic lung disease characterized by progressive, largely irreversible airflow limitation

Concept

Chronic Asthma

Sub Concepts

• Trigger Factors
• Reversible Airway Obstruction
• Reliever vs Controller Medications
• Status Asthmaticus
• Action Plans
• Patient Education

Relationship To Central

Chronic inflammatory airway disorder with REVERSIBLE bronchospasm (distinguishes from COPD)

Concept

Bronchiectasis

Sub Concepts

• Pathophysiology
• Clinical Features
• Diagnostic Imaging
• Airway Clearance Priority
• Postural Drainage Techniques
• Management Strategies

Relationship To Central

Permanent abnormal bronchial dilation from chronic infection/inflammation

Concept

Restrictive Pulmonary Disorders

Sub Concepts

• Pulmonary Fibrosis
• Sarcoidosis
• Chest Wall Deformities
• Neuromuscular Causes
• Spirometry Patterns
• Supportive Management

Relationship To Central

Category of lung disease that limits lung expansion (opposite mechanism to obstructive disease)

Concept

Pneumothorax

Sub Concepts

• Spontaneous Pneumothorax
• Traumatic Pneumothorax
• Tension Pneumothorax
• Open Chest Wound
• Clinical Assessment
• Emergency Interventions
• Chest Tube Management

Relationship To Central

Acute pulmonary emergency: air in pleural space causing lung collapse

Concept

Critical Nursing Priorities

Sub Concepts

• Controlled Oxygen Therapy (SpO2 88-92% in COPD)
• Airway Clearance
• Breathing Techniques
• Energy Conservation
• Infection Prevention
• Patient Education
• Smoking Cessation

Relationship To Central

Essential safety and care principles applicable across all chronic pulmonary disorders

To

Chronic Bronchitis

From

COPD

Strength

strong

Relationship

Subtype characterized by productive cough, mucus hypersecretion, and systemic symptoms; comprises one end of COPD spectrum

To

Emphysema

From

COPD

Strength

strong

Relationship

Subtype characterized by alveolar destruction and air trapping; comprises other end of COPD spectrum; often coexist

To

Blue Bloater appearance

From

Chronic Bronchitis

Strength

strong

Relationship

Clinical phenotype resulting from hypoxaemia, hypercapnia, and fluid retention

To

Pink Puffer appearance

From

Emphysema

Strength

strong

Relationship

Clinical phenotype resulting from preserved oxygenation but increased work of breathing and muscle wasting

To

Controlled Oxygen Therapy SpO2 88-92%

From

COPD

Strength

strong

Relationship

Critical safety principle preventing CO2 narcosis in hypoxic drive-dependent patients

To

Acute Exacerbations

From

COPD

Strength

strong

Relationship

Common complication triggered by infection or environmental factors; requires antibiotic and corticosteroid therapy

To

Cor Pulmonale

From

COPD

Strength

strong

Relationship

Chronic complication from sustained hypoxaemia causing right ventricular hypertrophy and heart failure

To

COPD

From

Chronic Asthma

Strength

strong

Relationship

Contrasting condition: asthma is reversible; COPD is irreversible; different pathophysiology and management

To

Reliever medications

From

Chronic Asthma

Strength

strong

Relationship

Rapid-acting bronchodilators for acute symptom relief; short duration action

To

Controller medications

From

Chronic Asthma

Strength

strong

Relationship

Maintenance anti-inflammatory agents for disease prevention and control; long-term use

To

Medical Emergency

From

Status Asthmaticus

Strength

strong

Relationship

Severe, unresponsive asthma attack requiring intensive treatment and ICU monitoring

To

Permanent airway dilation

From

Bronchiectasis

Strength

strong

Relationship

Pathophysiologic outcome of chronic infection/inflammation causing structural lung damage

To

Postural Drainage

From

Bronchiectasis

Strength

strong

Relationship

Priority nursing intervention using gravity and positioning to facilitate airway clearance

To

Large purulent sputum

From

Bronchiectasis

Strength

strong

Relationship

Clinical hallmark requiring aggressive airway clearance to prevent complications

To

Reduced lung volumes

From

Restrictive Pulmonary Disorders

Strength

strong

Relationship

Core pathophysiology distinguishing restrictive from obstructive disease

To

Pulmonary Fibrosis

From

Restrictive Pulmonary Disorders

Strength

strong

Relationship

Most common restrictive disorder causing progressive alveolar scarring and stiff lungs

To

Tension Pneumothorax

From

Pneumothorax

Strength

strong

Relationship

Life-threatening form with mediastinal shift; requires emergency needle decompression

To

Open Chest Wound

From

Pneumothorax

Strength

strong

Relationship

Traumatic cause; managed with 3-sided occlusive dressing to create flutter valve

To

Needle Decompression

From

Tension Pneumotharax

Strength

strong

Relationship

Emergency intervention preventing cardiac collapse and respiratory failure

To

COPD prevention and progression

From

Smoking cessation

Strength

strong

Relationship

Most effective intervention to slow disease progression and improve outcomes

To

Adherence to therapy

From

Patient Education

Strength

moderate

Relationship

Critical for achieving disease control and preventing exacerbations

To

Bronchiectasis and COPD management

From

Airway clearance techniques

Strength

moderate

Relationship

Essential nursing intervention applicable across multiple chronic pulmonary disorders

To

COPD diagnosis confirmation

From

Spirometry FEV1/FVC ratio

Strength

strong

Relationship

Diagnostic criterion: less than 70% with irreversibility distinguishes COPD from asthma

To

COPD classification and severity

From

ABG findings

Strength

moderate

Relationship

Chronic respiratory acidosis with metabolic compensation indicates chronicity and severity

To

COPD in Philippines

From

Biomass/cooking smoke exposure

Strength

strong

Relationship

Significant environmental risk factor in resource-limited settings alongside cigarette smoking

To

Nurse delegation and scope

From

RA 9173 Philippine Nursing Practice Act

Strength

moderate

Relationship

Legal framework governing nursing interventions including oxygen titration and chest tube care

To

Nursing priority prioritization

From

Maslow hierarchy of needs

Strength

moderate

Relationship

Framework for determining which intervention addresses most fundamental unmet need (airway/breathing)

To

Chronic pulmonary disorder patients

From

NANDA nursing diagnoses

Strength

moderate

Relationship

Structured format for identifying and addressing patient health problems across diagnostic categories