NLE Family Planning & Population at Risk — Nutrition Across the Lifespan & Maternal-Child ProgramsExam Answer Templates

Marks

1

Topic

First 1,000 Days Framework

Difficulty

easy

Template Id

T1

Examiner Tip

Examiners want the exact program/framework name. 'First 1,000 Days' is a DOH-adopted framework and must be written as such. Adding the time frame shows depth without costing time.

Model Answer

The critical window is called the First 1,000 Days, which spans from conception to a child's second birthday (approximately 2 years of age).

Question Type

very_short_answer

Answer Structure

• State the correct term 'First 1,000 Days' [1 mark]
• Optional: briefly state the time span (conception to age 2) for clarity

Scoring Breakdown

Common Mark Deductions

• Writing 'first two years' without the specific term 'First 1,000 Days'
• Saying 'first year of life' — this misses the full window from conception

Key Phrases To Include

• First 1,000 Days
• conception to second birthday
• stunting
• irreversible

Marks

1

Topic

Vitamin A Supplementation Schedule

Difficulty

easy

Template Id

T2

Examiner Tip

This is a patient-safety-critical dose. Examiners strictly check the numeric value AND the unit. Memory trick: 6–11 months = 1 dose of 100,000 IU (both '1' and '100,000' go together).

Model Answer

An infant aged 6–11 months receives a single dose of 100,000 IU of Vitamin A.

Question Type

very_short_answer

Answer Structure

• State the age group: 6–11 months [included in question]
• State the exact dose: 100,000 IU [1 mark]
• State frequency: single dose (one dose)

Scoring Breakdown

Common Mark Deductions

• Writing 200,000 IU (which is the dose for 12–59 months, not 6–11 months)
• Omitting the unit 'IU' — dose without unit is clinically incomplete
• Writing 'one capsule' without specifying the IU value

Key Phrases To Include

• 100,000 IU
• single dose
• 6–11 months

Marks

2

Topic

Breastfeeding and IYCF

Difficulty

easy

Template Id

T3

Examiner Tip

The examiner wants to see 'secretory IgA' specifically, not just 'antibodies.' Adding 'do not discard colostrum' shows clinical application and can earn you bonus consideration.

Model Answer

Colostrum is the thick, yellowish breastmilk produced in the first few days after delivery. It is rich in secretory immunoglobulin A (IgA), providing passive immunity to the newborn against infections such as diarrhea and respiratory illnesses. It is often called the newborn's first immunization and must not be discarded.

Question Type

short_answer

Answer Structure

• Line 1: Define colostrum — first breastmilk, thick, yellowish, produced in first days postpartum [1 mark]
• Line 2: State its importance — rich in secretory IgA, provides passive immunity, protects against infection [1 mark]

Scoring Breakdown

Common Mark Deductions

• Saying colostrum is 'watery' — it is actually thick and concentrated
• Saying it contains 'antibodies' without specifying secretory IgA — less specific, may not earn the mark
• Advising mothers to discard colostrum — this is a dangerous misconception and earns 0 marks

Key Phrases To Include

• colostrum
• secretory IgA
• passive immunity
• first immunization
• do not discard

Marks

3

Topic

IYCF Policy

Difficulty

medium

Template Id

T4

Examiner Tip

Each of the three points must be a distinct statement. Examiners read for the three key trigger words: 'first hour,' 'exclusive,' and 'complementary feeding at 6 months.' Numbering your points makes scoring easier for the examiner.

Model Answer

The three core IYCF recommendations of the DOH are: 1. Early initiation of breastfeeding within the first hour of life. 2. Exclusive breastfeeding for the first 6 months — breastmilk only, with no water, other liquids, or solid foods (prescribed vitamins and medicines are allowed). 3. Continued breastfeeding up to 2 years and beyond, alongside safe and adequate complementary feeding introduced at 6 months of age.

Question Type

short_answer

Answer Structure

• Point 1: Early initiation of breastfeeding within the FIRST HOUR of life [1 mark]
• Point 2: Exclusive breastfeeding for 6 months — define 'exclusive' (breastmilk only) [1 mark]
• Point 3: Continued breastfeeding up to 2 years AND complementary feeding starting at 6 months [1 mark]

Scoring Breakdown

Common Mark Deductions

• Writing 'within 30 minutes' (which was the old WHO recommendation) — the current standard is within the first hour
• Omitting the word 'exclusive' or failing to define it — 'breastfeeding for 6 months' alone is incomplete
• Saying complementary feeding starts 'at 4–6 months' — the DOH standard is specifically 6 months

Key Phrases To Include

• within the first hour of life
• exclusive breastfeeding
• 6 months
• no water, other liquids, or solids
• complementary feeding
• 2 years and beyond

Marks

2

Topic

Breastfeeding Laws

Difficulty

medium

Template Id

T5

Examiner Tip

Always pair the RA number with the year and with its most specific provision. 'RA 10028 = 40 minutes' is a high-yield combination that signals mastery of the law.

Model Answer

RA 7600, the Rooming-In and Breastfeeding Act of 1992, established rooming-in (keeping the mother and newborn together in the same room) and mandated breastfeeding as the norm in all health facilities. RA 10028, the Expanded Breastfeeding Promotion Act of 2009, amended RA 7600 and added the requirement for lactation stations in workplaces and public places, and mandated paid lactation periods of not less than 40 minutes total per 8-hour working shift for nursing employees, thus extending breastfeeding support beyond the hospital into the workplace.

Question Type

short_answer

Answer Structure

• Line 1: RA 7600 — Rooming-In and Breastfeeding Act, 1992, established rooming-in and breastfeeding in health facilities [1 mark]
• Line 2: RA 10028 — Expanded Breastfeeding Act, 2009, added lactation stations and 40-minute lactation periods in workplaces [1 mark]

Scoring Breakdown

Common Mark Deductions

• Confusing which law is older — RA 7600 is 1992, RA 10028 is 2009
• Stating lactation periods as '1 hour' or '30 minutes' — the law specifies 'not less than 40 minutes total'
• Saying RA 10028 replaced RA 7600 — it amended it, not replaced

Key Phrases To Include

• RA 7600
• 1992
• rooming-in
• RA 10028
• 2009
• lactation stations
• lactation periods
• 40 minutes
• 8-hour working period

Marks

2

Topic

Milk Code / Breastfeeding Laws

Difficulty

medium

Template Id

T6

Examiner Tip

The most common NLE trap is that EO 51 bans formula. It does NOT. Write clearly: 'does not ban, but restricts marketing.' This distinction earns full marks.

Model Answer

Executive Order 51, also known as the National Code of Marketing of Breastmilk Substitutes or the 'Milk Code,' was issued in 1986. It regulates and restricts the advertising, promotion, and marketing of breastmilk substitutes, feeding bottles, and teats. It does not ban infant formula, but prohibits aggressive marketing practices such as providing free samples in health facilities and promotional activities that undermine breastfeeding.

Question Type

short_answer

Answer Structure

• Line 1: Name EO 51 correctly — Milk Code, 1986, regulates marketing of breastmilk substitutes [1 mark]
• Line 2: Clarify what it does NOT do — does not ban formula, but prohibits free samples and promotion in health facilities [1 mark]

Scoring Breakdown

Common Mark Deductions

• Saying EO 51 'bans infant formula' — this is incorrect; it regulates marketing, not the product itself
• Confusing EO 51 with RA 10028 — they have different focuses (marketing vs. workplace support)

Key Phrases To Include

• EO 51
• Milk Code
• 1986
• breastmilk substitutes
• advertising and promotion
• no free samples
• does not ban formula

Marks

3

Topic

Garantisadong Pambata

Difficulty

medium

Template Id

T7

Examiner Tip

The word 'biannual' (twice a year) is the most tested detail about GP. Examiners who see 'annually' will not award that mark. Memorize: GP = twice a year, April and October.

Model Answer

Garantisadong Pambata (GP), which means 'guaranteed care for children,' is the DOH's strategy for delivering a comprehensive package of child health services twice a year (biannual), traditionally conducted in April and October through health centers, schools, and barangay outreach. Its key components include: 1. Vitamin A supplementation (100,000 IU for 6–11 months; 200,000 IU for 12–59 months). 2. Deworming of preschool and school-age children. 3. Catch-up immunization for children who missed scheduled vaccines. 4. Nutrition counseling, growth monitoring, and promotion of breastfeeding and complementary feeding.

Question Type

short_answer

Answer Structure

• Line 1: Define GP — DOH child health package, biannual (twice a year), April and October [1 mark]
• Line 2: Name at least 2 specific components with detail (e.g., Vitamin A with dose, deworming) [1 mark]
• Line 3: Name 2 more components (immunization, nutrition counseling/growth monitoring) [1 mark]

Scoring Breakdown

Common Mark Deductions

• Saying GP is conducted 'annually' instead of 'biannually' — this is a factual error costing a mark
• Listing Vitamin A without the dose — incomplete clinical information
• Omitting deworming — this is a consistently tested component

Key Phrases To Include

• Garantisadong Pambata
• biannual
• twice a year
• April and October
• Vitamin A supplementation
• deworming
• catch-up immunization
• nutrition counseling
• growth monitoring

Marks

5

Topic

Vitamin A Supplementation Schedule

Difficulty

hard

Template Id

T8

Examiner Tip

In a 5-mark LA, examiners expect five scorable elements. Structure your answer with clear numbered points, a brief introduction, and a nursing responsibilities paragraph. Use the exact IU values — these are safety-critical and worth dedicated marks.

Model Answer

Vitamin A supplementation is a core component of the Garantisadong Pambata (GP) program, given twice a year to prevent Vitamin A Deficiency (VAD), which is the leading preventable cause of childhood blindness and increases morbidity and mortality from measles and diarrhea. The complete Vitamin A supplementation schedule is as follows: 1. Infants aged 6–11 months: A single dose of 100,000 IU is given once. This is typically the first dose the infant receives under GP, and only one dose is given in this age bracket (not repeated every 6 months as in older children). 2. Children aged 12–59 months (1 to 5 years): A dose of 200,000 IU is given every 6 months (twice a year), corresponding to the GP rounds in April and October. This continues until the child reaches 59 months of age. 3. Postpartum women: A single dose of 200,000 IU is given within 4 weeks (1 month) after delivery. This replenishes maternal stores depleted during pregnancy and ensures adequate Vitamin A in breastmilk for the infant. IMPORTANT PRECAUTION: High-dose Vitamin A is contraindicated during pregnancy due to its teratogenic effects (risk of birth defects). It is therefore given ONLY postpartum, not during pregnancy. Therapeutic dosing (for measles, xerophthalmia, or severe acute malnutrition): Age-appropriate doses are given on Day 1, Day 2, and Day 15. Nursing Responsibilities: The community nurse ensures adequate supply and proper storage of Vitamin A capsules (cold chain), documents coverage, reports adverse reactions, counsels caregivers on the purpose of supplementation, and coordinates with the Barangay Nutrition Scholar (BNS) to reach all eligible beneficiaries.

Question Type

long_answer

Answer Structure

• Paragraph 1: Brief introduction — purpose of Vitamin A supplementation and its role in GP [1 mark]
• Point 1: 6–11 months — 100,000 IU, single dose [1 mark]
• Point 2: 12–59 months — 200,000 IU every 6 months (twice a year) [1 mark]
• Point 3: Postpartum women — 200,000 IU within 4 weeks after delivery; NOT during pregnancy (teratogenic) [1 mark]
• Final paragraph: Nursing responsibilities — supply management, documentation, counseling, coordination with BNS [1 mark]

Scoring Breakdown

Common Mark Deductions

• Reversing the doses (writing 200,000 IU for 6–11 months) — a dangerous error that costs the full dosing mark
• Omitting the contraindication in pregnancy — this is a patient-safety point examiners look for
• Writing postpartum dose as 'within 6 months' instead of 'within 4 weeks (1 month)'
• Omitting nursing responsibilities in a long-answer format — LAs always require the nurse's role

Key Phrases To Include

• 100,000 IU
• 200,000 IU
• 6–11 months
• 12–59 months
• every 6 months
• postpartum
• within 4 weeks
• teratogenic
• contraindicated in pregnancy
• Barangay Nutrition Scholar
• cold chain
• documentation

Marks

3

Topic

Iron and Folic Acid Supplementation

Difficulty

medium

Template Id

T9

Examiner Tip

The dose of folic acid (400 µg, NOT mg) is a classic NLE trap. Also, 'weekly vs. daily' distinguishes adolescents from pregnant women — examiners test this contrast frequently.

Model Answer

For pregnant women: The DOH recommends 60 mg of elemental iron combined with 400 micrograms (µg) of folic acid, taken daily throughout the entire pregnancy and continued for up to 3 months postpartum. This prevents maternal iron-deficiency anemia and neural tube defects in the fetus. For adolescent girls and women of reproductive age: Weekly iron-folic acid supplementation is recommended, since daily supplementation for non-pregnant adolescents is associated with lower compliance. Weekly supplementation builds iron stores before pregnancy, preventing anemia of adolescence. For low-birth-weight (LBW) infants, iron drops are started from 2 months of age.

Question Type

short_answer

Answer Structure

• Point 1: Pregnant women — 60 mg elemental iron + 400 µg folic acid, daily, throughout pregnancy + 3 months postpartum [1 mark]
• Point 2: Purpose — prevents iron-deficiency anemia and neural tube defects [supporting detail]
• Point 3: Adolescent girls — weekly iron-folic acid supplementation [1 mark]
• Point 4: LBW infants — iron drops from 2 months (bonus for completeness) [1 mark if 3rd point needed]

Scoring Breakdown

Common Mark Deductions

• Writing '400 mg folic acid' instead of '400 µg (micrograms)' — the unit difference is a critical safety error
• Omitting '3 months postpartum' from the pregnant women's duration
• Saying adolescent girls take daily supplementation — the correct answer is WEEKLY for non-pregnant adolescents

Key Phrases To Include

• 60 mg elemental iron
• 400 micrograms folic acid
• daily
• throughout pregnancy
• 3 months postpartum
• weekly
• adolescent girls
• women of reproductive age
• LBW infants
• 2 months

Marks

2

Topic

Zinc Supplementation for Diarrhea

Difficulty

easy

Template Id

T10

Examiner Tip

Memory trick: Under 6 months = half the dose (10 mg); 6 months and above = full dose (20 mg). Always state the duration (10–14 days) — incomplete protocols earn incomplete marks.

Model Answer

Zinc supplementation is given alongside oral rehydration salts (ORS) to shorten the duration of diarrheal episodes and reduce the risk of recurrence. The protocol is: - Infants under 6 months of age: 10 mg per day for 10–14 days. - Children 6 months and older: 20 mg per day for 10–14 days.

Question Type

short_answer

Answer Structure

• Line 1: Purpose — zinc is given with ORS for diarrhea management [contextual, not marked separately]
• Line 2: Under 6 months — 10 mg/day for 10–14 days [1 mark]
• Line 3: 6 months and older — 20 mg/day for 10–14 days [1 mark]

Scoring Breakdown

Common Mark Deductions

• Reversing the doses (20 mg for under 6 months) — this is wrong and clinically unsafe
• Omitting the duration of 10–14 days
• Not mentioning that zinc is given with ORS — this is part of the standard protocol

Key Phrases To Include

• 10 mg/day
• 20 mg/day
• under 6 months
• 6 months and older
• 10–14 days
• with ORS

Marks

2

Topic

Food Fortification Laws

Difficulty

medium

Template Id

T11

Examiner Tip

Associate 'ASIN' with salt (asin = salt in Filipino) and 'Sangkap Pinoy Seal' with RA 8976 (food fortification). These Filipino-language cues help connect the law to its content.

Model Answer

RA 8172, known as the ASIN Law (Act for Salt Iodization Nationwide), requires all food-grade salt to be iodized to prevent iodine deficiency disorders such as goiter and cretinism. RA 8976, the Philippine Food Fortification Act, mandates the fortification of staple foods — including rice, wheat flour, cooking oil, and refined sugar — with essential vitamins and minerals to address micronutrient deficiencies. Products that meet voluntary fortification standards carry the Sangkap Pinoy Seal.

Question Type

short_answer

Answer Structure

• Line 1: RA 8172 — ASIN Law, mandates salt iodization, prevents goiter and cretinism [1 mark]
• Line 2: RA 8976 — Food Fortification Act, mandates fortification of staples (rice, oil, flour, sugar), Sangkap Pinoy Seal [1 mark]

Scoring Breakdown

Common Mark Deductions

• Confusing the two laws — saying RA 8172 covers food fortification or RA 8976 covers salt
• Omitting the Sangkap Pinoy Seal — this is a specific detail examiners look for in RA 8976 questions
• Failing to name the iodine deficiency disorders prevented by RA 8172

Key Phrases To Include

• RA 8172
• ASIN Law
• salt iodization
• goiter
• cretinism
• RA 8976
• Food Fortification Act
• rice
• wheat flour
• cooking oil
• Sangkap Pinoy Seal

Marks

3

Topic

Pinggang Pinoy and Go-Grow-Glow

Difficulty

medium

Template Id

T12

Examiner Tip

The most tested fact about Pinggang Pinoy is that GLOW foods (vegetables) occupy the LARGEST share, not GO (grains). This counterintuitive fact is a common exam trap. Always mention the glass of water as a Pinggang Pinoy reminder.

Model Answer

Pinggang Pinoy is a food plate guide developed by the DOST-FNRI that shows the ideal proportions of food groups for a single Filipino meal. It translates the Go-Grow-Glow classification into a visual plate format and includes a glass of water with each meal. The Go-Grow-Glow classification is: 1. GO foods (Energy-giving): Rice, bread, and other grains — occupy approximately one-third of the plate. They provide energy for daily activities. 2. GROW foods (Body-building): Fish, meat, poultry, eggs, dried beans, nuts, and dairy products — occupy a smaller portion. They provide protein for growth, repair, and tissue maintenance. 3. GLOW foods (Body-regulating): Vegetables and fruits — occupy the largest share of the plate, with vegetables taking the biggest portion. They provide vitamins, minerals, and fiber that regulate body processes.

Question Type

short_answer

Answer Structure

• Sentence 1: Define Pinggang Pinoy — DOST-FNRI food plate guide, single meal proportions [1 mark]
• Point 1: GO foods — energy-giving, grains (rice, bread), about one-third of plate [1 mark]
• Point 2: GROW foods — body-building, protein sources, smaller portion [supporting]
• Point 3: GLOW foods — body-regulating, vegetables and fruits, largest share of plate [1 mark]

Scoring Breakdown

Common Mark Deductions

• Saying GO foods are the largest portion — GLOW foods (vegetables/fruits) are the largest share in Pinggang Pinoy
• Omitting 'DOST-FNRI' as the developer — examiners often require the source agency
• Failing to include Filipino food examples (rice, tilapia, kangkong) — local context earns marks

Key Phrases To Include

• Pinggang Pinoy
• DOST-FNRI
• Go-Grow-Glow
• energy-giving
• body-building
• body-regulating
• one-third
• largest share
• vegetables and fruits
• glass of water

Marks

2

Topic

Growth Monitoring and OPT Plus

Difficulty

medium

Template Id

T13

Examiner Tip

A classic NLE trick is confusing OPT Plus (annual) with Garantisadong Pambata (biannual). Remember: OPT = Once a year; GP = Goes twice a year.

Model Answer

Operation Timbang Plus (OPT Plus) is the DOH's annual mass weighing and measuring program for preschool children (under 5 years) at the barangay level. Its purpose is to identify and locate malnourished children in the community. It measures three nutritional indicators: 1. Weight-for-age — identifies underweight children. 2. Height/length-for-age — identifies stunted children (chronic undernutrition). 3. Weight-for-height/length — identifies wasted children (acute malnutrition).

Question Type

short_answer

Answer Structure

• Line 1: Define OPT Plus — annual mass weighing/measuring, preschool children, barangay level, identifies malnourished [1 mark]
• Line 2: Three indicators — weight-for-age, height-for-age, weight-for-height with what each detects [1 mark]

Scoring Breakdown

Common Mark Deductions

• Saying OPT Plus is 'biannual' — it is annual (once a year), unlike GP which is biannual
• Omitting what the indicators detect (e.g., just listing 'weight-for-age' without saying it detects 'underweight')

Key Phrases To Include

• Operation Timbang Plus
• annual
• mass weighing
• preschool children
• barangay
• weight-for-age
• height-for-age
• weight-for-height
• stunting
• wasting
• underweight

Marks

5

Topic

Breastfeeding Laws and Working Mothers

Difficulty

hard

Template Id

T14

Examiner Tip

Case-study questions reward the nursing process structure. Always include Assessment → Nursing Diagnosis (NANDA) → Interventions → Evaluation. Citing '40 minutes' from RA 10028 is the most specific legal detail and earns a dedicated mark.

Model Answer

ASSESSMENT: The client is a breastfeeding mother, 2 months postpartum, who has returned to work and is concerned about maintaining breastfeeding. She is at risk of early breastfeeding cessation due to workplace barriers. NURSING DIAGNOSIS (NANDA): Readiness for Enhanced Breastfeeding related to the mother's expressed desire to continue breastfeeding, as evidenced by her concern about workplace support (Maslow: Physiological needs of the infant and psychosocial needs of the mother). LEGAL FRAMEWORK — RA 10028 (Expanded Breastfeeding Promotion Act of 2009): Under RA 10028, the following rights and provisions apply to the client: 1. Lactation Periods: Her employer is legally required to provide her with paid lactation breaks totaling not less than 40 minutes per 8-hour working shift. These are in addition to regular breaks and lunch breaks. 2. Lactation Station: Her workplace (if it has 10 or more employees) is required by law to establish and maintain a lactation station — a clean, private, and sanitary room where she can express and store breastmilk. The station must not be a toilet or restroom. NURSING INTERVENTIONS: 1. Educate the client on her rights under RA 10028, empowering her to approach her employer and HR department with confidence. 2. Teach proper breastmilk expression (hand or pump) and safe storage: breastmilk can be stored at room temperature for up to 4 hours, in the refrigerator for up to 72 hours (3 days), and in the freezer for 3–6 months. 3. Advise her to maintain frequent breastfeeding at home and during days off to sustain milk supply. 4. Encourage skin-to-skin contact and nursing on demand when at home. 5. Refer her to a Lactation Management Center or Lactation Counselor if she experiences difficulty with milk supply. EVALUATION: The client will verbalize understanding of her rights under RA 10028, demonstrate correct breastmilk expression and storage techniques, and continue exclusive or predominant breastfeeding at follow-up visits.

Question Type

case_study

Answer Structure

• Paragraph 1: Assessment — identify the nursing problem and risk of early cessation [1 mark]
• Paragraph 2: NANDA nursing diagnosis with Maslow prioritization [1 mark]
• Paragraph 3: Legal framework — cite RA 10028 with specific provisions (40 minutes, lactation station) [1 mark]
• Paragraph 4: Nursing interventions — at least 3 specific, actionable interventions including breastmilk storage teaching [1 mark]
• Paragraph 5: Evaluation — expected outcomes [1 mark]

Scoring Breakdown

Common Mark Deductions

• Advising the mother to switch to formula — this contradicts RA 10028 and is clinically incorrect
• Not citing RA 10028 by name or number — general advice without legal basis earns fewer marks
• Omitting the nursing process structure (Assessment, Diagnosis, Planning, Intervention, Evaluation) in a case-study LA

Key Phrases To Include

• RA 10028
• Expanded Breastfeeding Promotion Act
• 40 minutes
• lactation station
• lactation periods
• breastmilk storage
• 72 hours refrigerator
• Readiness for Enhanced Breastfeeding
• NANDA
• Maslow

Marks

2

Topic

Growth Monitoring and Malnutrition

Difficulty

medium

Template Id

T15

Examiner Tip

The key to this comparison is the anthropometric index: STunting = height (think S for Short); WAsting = WAit, the child lost weight fast. Include 'irreversible' for stunting to show clinical depth.

Model Answer

Stunting refers to low height-for-age (below -2 SD of the WHO growth standard) and is an indicator of chronic undernutrition, often caused by prolonged inadequate dietary intake beginning in the First 1,000 Days. It is irreversible once established and affects cognitive development. Wasting refers to low weight-for-height/length and is an indicator of acute malnutrition, occurring when a child loses weight rapidly due to illness or sudden food shortage. Severe wasting (severe acute malnutrition or SAM) requires therapeutic feeding interventions such as Ready-to-Use Therapeutic Food (RUTF).

Question Type

short_answer

Answer Structure

• Line 1: Stunting — low height-for-age, chronic undernutrition, First 1,000 Days, irreversible [1 mark]
• Line 2: Wasting — low weight-for-height, acute malnutrition, reversible with treatment, SAM requires RUTF [1 mark]

Scoring Breakdown

Common Mark Deductions

• Confusing the anthropometric indicators — saying stunting is 'low weight-for-height' is factually wrong
• Omitting 'irreversible' for stunting — this word shows understanding of its severity and public health priority

Key Phrases To Include

• stunting
• low height-for-age
• chronic undernutrition
• First 1,000 Days
• irreversible
• wasting
• low weight-for-height
• acute malnutrition
• SAM
• RUTF