Health Promotion & Primary Health Care - Memory Anchors
The brain remembers stories, images, emotions, and patterns far better than plain facts. By linking dry nursing content to vivid analogies, catchy acronyms, mini-stories, and visual maps, you create multiple retrieval pathways. When exam pressure hits and your mind goes blank, a funny story or a Filipino cultural image can unlock an entire concept in seconds. This collection of memory anchors is designed to make every high-yield NLE concept from Health Promotion and PHC stick permanently — so you never mix up Alma-Ata with Ottawa, or forget the COPAR phases, or blank out on the PHC cornerstones again. Use these anchors during active review, quiz yourself with the recall triggers, and revisit the visual diagrams before sleep for maximum consolidation.
Memory anchors
PHC declared at Alma-Ata in 1978 by WHO and UNICEF
Memory aid
Imagine two superheroes — WHO (wearing a white lab coat) and UNICEF (wearing a blue cape with a child's handprint) — flying to a big stadium in Alma-Ata, USSR in 1978. They stand on stage and shout together: 'HEALTH FOR ALL BY 2000!' The crowd cheers. The year 1978 is written in giant letters on the scoreboard. This was the World Cup of health policy.
Why it works
A vivid narrative with familiar hero archetypes and a sensory setting anchors the abstract historical fact. The 'World Cup' frame appeals to Filipino sports enthusiasm and makes the year memorable.
Example usage
NLE question: 'Where was PHC declared?' → Think of the two superheroes in the stadium → Alma-Ata, 1978, WHO and UNICEF.
Recall trigger
Think of two superheroes in a 1978 stadium shouting 'Health for All!'
Philippines adopted PHC through LOI 949, signed October 19, 1979
Memory aid
LOI 949: Think 'LOI' = 'Lagi O Ituloy' (Always Continue It) — the Philippines said YES to PHC one year after Alma-Ata. The number 949 sounds like 'nag-nineteen' (nineteen) — it was signed on October 19. So: LOI = yes to PHC, 949 = October 19, 1979.
Why it works
Breaking the number into familiar Filipino language patterns (Taglish chunking) and linking it to the date creates a phonetic bridge that is culturally natural for Filipino nursing students.
Example usage
NLE question: 'The Philippines adopted PHC through which legislation?' → LOI 949, October 19, 1979.
Recall trigger
LOI = 'Lagi O Ituloy' = Philippines said yes. 949 = signed on the 19th.
The 4 Cornerstones of PHC: Community Participation (primary), Intersectoral Collaboration, Appropriate Technology, Support Mechanisms
Memory aid
Remember 'CIAS' — Community participation, Intersectoral collaboration, Appropriate technology, Support mechanisms. Say it as 'SIYA!' (Filipino for 'it's him/her!') — the COMMUNITY is the star, always first. SIYA = the community is the main character of PHC. C-I-A-S: Community, Inter-sector, Appropriate tech, Support.
Why it works
The Filipino exclamation 'SIYA!' is emotionally loaded and attention-grabbing. Placing Community first reinforces that it is the PRIMARY cornerstone, which is a frequent NLE distractor.
Example usage
NLE question: 'Which is the PRIMARY cornerstone of PHC?' → SIYA! Community Participation is first → Correct answer: Community Participation.
Recall trigger
Shout 'SIYA!' — the community is the star. Then C-I-A-S.
PHC 4 As: Accessible, Available, Affordable, Acceptable
Memory aid
Sing to the tune of 'Bahay Kubo': 'Accessible, Available, Affordable, Acceptable — apat na A ng PHC, tandaan mo na!' (Four As of PHC, remember them now!). The four As describe what PHC services must be for every Filipino community.
Why it works
Setting content to a familiar childhood Filipino folk song (Bahay Kubo) creates a strong emotional and musical memory trace. Music engages multiple brain regions simultaneously, dramatically improving recall.
Example usage
NLE question: 'Which attribute ensures PHC services are within geographic reach?' → Think Bahay Kubo tune → 4 As → Accessible.
Recall trigger
Hum 'Bahay Kubo' and the four As will follow.
8 Essential Elements of PHC — mnemonic ELEMENTS
Memory aid
ELEMENTS: E = Education for health, L = Locally endemic disease control, E = Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI), M = Maternal and child health + Family planning, E = Essential drugs, N = Nutrition, T = Treatment of communicable and non-communicable diseases, S = Safe water and sanitation. Plus 2 extras: Mental health and Dental health (M&D = 'More and Deeper care').
Why it works
The word ELEMENTS itself is the mnemonic — each letter directly maps to a component. The acronym is self-cuing because students already know what 'elements' means, making retrieval nearly automatic.
Example usage
NLE question: 'Which of the following is NOT an essential element of PHC?' → Mentally spell ELEMENTS → check if the option appears in the list.
Recall trigger
Think of 'ELEMENTS' and go through each letter one by one.
Ottawa Charter 1986 — 5 Action Areas and 3 Strategies
Memory aid
Think of the Ottawa Charter as a BAHAY (house). The 5 action areas are like 5 rooms: (1) Build a strong ROOF = Build healthy public policy; (2) The LIVING ROOM supports everyone = Create supportive environments; (3) The SALA where family gathers = Strengthen community action; (4) The STUDY ROOM = Develop personal skills; (5) The CLINIC room = Reorient health services. The 3 strategies are the 3 DOORS to enter: Advocate (front door), Enable (side door), Mediate (back door). Ottawa = 1986 = one year after the 1985 movie 'Back to the Future' — go back to the future of health promotion!
Why it works
The house analogy organises abstract policy concepts into a concrete spatial structure — the 'method of loci' principle. Spatial memory is highly durable.
Example usage
NLE question: 'Which Ottawa Charter action area involves mass media campaigns?' → Think of the bahay rooms → Develop personal skills + Reorient health services or Build healthy public policy → correct context.
Recall trigger
Picture a bahay with 5 rooms and 3 doors — that's Ottawa 1986.
Health Belief Model — Perceived Susceptibility, Severity, Benefits, Barriers + Cues to Action
Memory aid
The Health Belief Model is like a TAHO vendor's decision to open his stall. He thinks: 'Will people get sick (Susceptibility) from not eating nutritious food?' 'How bad would it be (Severity)?' 'Will my taho help them (Benefits)?' 'Is it too expensive to set up (Barriers)?' Then his alarm rings (Cue to Action) and he opens the stall. His BELIEFS drive his BEHAVIOUR — just like a patient's health beliefs drive health actions.
Why it works
Mapping an abstract model onto a familiar Filipino street vendor scenario makes the model concrete, relatable, and emotionally resonant. The TAHO image is a strong visual hook.
Example usage
NLE question: 'A patient says getting vaccinated is too painful and costly. Which HBM component does this represent?' → Think taho vendor barriers → Perceived Barriers.
Recall trigger
Picture the TAHO vendor and his morning decision — that is the Health Belief Model.
Pender's Health Promotion Model — focuses on approach (moving toward well-being), not avoidance of disease
Memory aid
Pender's model is like a MARATHON RUNNER who trains NOT because they are afraid of getting sick, but because they LOVE the feeling of crossing the finish line. They run TOWARD the medal, not AWAY from illness. Pender = Positive approach = moving forward toward wellness. Contrast with HBM = running AWAY from the monster of disease.
Why it works
The marathon runner metaphor creates a strong contrast with the HBM analogy (A7), helping students differentiate the two models clearly. The positive vs. negative motivation frame is easy to remember.
Example usage
NLE question: 'Which model emphasises approach behaviours toward well-being rather than avoidance of disease?' → Runner toward finish line → Pender's Health Promotion Model.
Recall trigger
Pender = marathon runner sprinting TOWARD the finish line (wellness), not fleeing illness.
Transtheoretical (Stages of Change) Model: Precontemplation → Contemplation → Preparation → Action → Maintenance
Memory aid
Meet Mang Ernesto, a smoker. Stage 1 — PRECONTEMPLATION: He says 'Ayoko pag-isipan yan' (I don't want to think about it). Stage 2 — CONTEMPLATION: He thinks 'Baka dapat tumigil na ko' (Maybe I should stop). Stage 3 — PREPARATION: He buys nicotine patches. Stage 4 — ACTION: He quits smoking. Stage 5 — MAINTENANCE: 6 months later, still smoke-free. Remember: PC-PA-M → 'Pre-Con-Prep-Action-Maintain' = Mang Ernesto's journey.
Why it works
A relatable Filipino character (Mang Ernesto) makes the abstract stages concrete and emotionally engaging. Using Filipino dialect phrases in each stage creates strong emotional tagging for memory consolidation.
Example usage
NLE question: 'A patient says he knows smoking is bad but is not planning to quit. Which stage is he in?' → Mang Ernesto Stage 1 → Precontemplation.
Recall trigger
Think of Mang Ernesto's smoking journey through 5 stages.
Health Education — Most Important Tool of the Community Health Nurse
Memory aid
Visualise a community nurse holding a giant GOLDEN WAND labeled 'HEALTH EDUCATION'. All her other tools (stethoscope, BP apparatus, immunisation kit) are silver — but health education is GOLD because it is the MOST IMPORTANT tool. Whenever you think of a community nurse, see the golden wand first.
Why it works
A colour-coded visual hierarchy (gold vs. silver) creates an immediate ranking cue. The exaggerated image of a golden wand is absurd enough to be memorable — absurdity boosts recall.
Example usage
NLE question: 'What is the most important tool/intervention of the community health nurse?' → Golden wand → Health Education.
Recall trigger
Golden wand = Health Education = Most important tool of the CHN.
Three Learning Domains: Cognitive (knowledge), Affective (attitudes), Psychomotor (skills)
Memory aid
CAP — Cognitive, Affective, Psychomotor. Think of it as the learner's CAP graduation: first you know (Cognitive — you READ your diploma), then you feel proud (Affective — you SMILE), then you shake hands and receive it (Psychomotor — you MOVE). Every health teaching must address all 3 to be effective.
Why it works
The graduation cap image is universally familiar to nursing graduates and emotionally significant. Mapping the 3 domains to discrete moments of a graduation ceremony creates an ordered, emotionally rich memory trace.
Example usage
NLE question: 'A nurse teaches a mother how to perform ORT. Which domain is primarily addressed?' → CAP → Shaking hands = Psychomotor domain.
Recall trigger
Graduation CAP: Read-Smile-Shake = Cognitive-Affective-Psychomotor.
Return Demonstration is best for Psychomotor Skills
Memory aid
Return demonstration is like a COOKING SHOW. The chef (nurse) demonstrates how to make sinigang. Then the student COOKS IT BACK — that is the return demonstration. You cannot learn to cook just by reading a recipe (cognitive). You cannot learn by crying about loving sinigang (affective). You must cook it yourself. PSYCHOMOTOR = hands-on = return demo = cook the sinigang.
Why it works
Cooking is a universal Filipino household activity and deeply culturally resonant. Mapping a clinical skill to cooking makes an abstract principle instantly concrete.
Example usage
NLE question: 'Which teaching method is BEST for a patient learning how to self-inject insulin?' → Cook sinigang yourself → Return Demonstration.
Recall trigger
Sinigang return demo = cook it yourself = psychomotor = return demonstration.
COPAR Phase 1: Pre-entry — site selection and initial community data before entering
Memory aid
Pre-entry in COPAR is like a LAKAD (house visit) to a new neighbourhood. BEFORE you knock on the door, you look at the street, check the address, ask the neighbour who lives there — you prepare. You do NOT knock until you are ready. The nurse selects the community site and gathers initial data BEFORE official entry. Pre-entry = Mag-aral muna bago pumasok (Study first before entering).
Why it works
The familiar Filipino home-visit experience maps directly onto pre-entry preparation. The Tagalog phrase reinforces the concept using the student's primary language for stronger encoding.
Example usage
NLE question: 'A nurse collects initial data and selects a community before formally entering it. This is which COPAR phase?' → Checking address before knocking → Pre-entry.
Recall trigger
Checking the address before knocking = Pre-entry phase.
COPAR Phases: Pre-entry → Entry → Organization-building → Sustenance/Strengthening
Memory aid
PEOS — Pre-entry, Entry, Organization-building, Sustenance. Say it as 'P.E.O.S.' = 'Piliin, Enterin, Organisahin, Sustenihin' (Choose, Enter, Organise, Sustain). Or make it a sentence: 'Please Enter Our School' — P-E-O-S. The GOAL of COPAR is community SELF-RELIANCE — by the end (Sustenance phase), the nurse phases out and the community stands alone.
Why it works
The simple sentence 'Please Enter Our School' creates an easy phonetic anchor for the 4 phases in order. The Filipino translation reinforces meaning. The self-reliance goal is tied to the final S.
Example usage
NLE question: 'In which COPAR phase does the nurse gradually phase out as the community becomes self-reliant?' → Please Enter Our SCHOOL (last phase) → Sustenance/Strengthening.
Recall trigger
'Please Enter Our School' = PEOS = 4 COPAR phases.
Community Diagnosis: Comprehensive vs. Problem-Oriented
Memory aid
Think of two types of CHECKUP. Comprehensive community diagnosis = Annual Physical Exam (APE) — you check EVERYTHING: blood pressure, weight, urine, CBC. Problem-oriented community diagnosis = you go to the doctor ONLY for your knee pain — focused on ONE problem or group. Same idea: Comprehensive = total health assessment of the whole community; Problem-oriented = focused on one specific issue.
Why it works
Medical check-up is a directly lived experience for nursing students. The APE analogy creates a perfect parallel that requires no new imagery — it reuses existing clinical knowledge.
Example usage
NLE question: 'A nurse assesses only the nutritional status of children under 5 in the barangay. This is which type of community diagnosis?' → Knee pain check-up = Problem-oriented community diagnosis.
Recall trigger
APE = Comprehensive. Knee pain check-up = Problem-oriented.
Levels of Prevention: Primary (before disease), Secondary (early detection), Tertiary (rehabilitation)
Memory aid
Think of TYPHOON PREPAREDNESS: PRIMARY prevention = building a strong house before the typhoon comes (immunisation, health education, sanitation). SECONDARY prevention = the storm signal is up — you detect the problem early and evacuate (screening, case-finding). TERTIARY prevention = after the typhoon — you rebuild damaged houses (rehabilitation, preventing complications). The typhoon = disease. Your job as a nurse is ideally to prevent the typhoon from causing damage at all — PRIMARY is king.
Why it works
Typhoon preparedness is deeply embedded in Filipino lived experience and creates powerful emotional resonance. The three-stage typhoon analogy maps perfectly to the three levels of prevention.
Example usage
NLE question: 'Blood pressure screening is which level of prevention?' → Typhoon signal is up, early evacuation = Secondary prevention.
Recall trigger
Typhoon: Build strong house (Primary) → Evacuate early (Secondary) → Rebuild (Tertiary).
Community Participation is the PRIMARY Cornerstone of PHC
Memory aid
Visualise a CORNERSTONE of a building — it is the FIRST stone laid, the foundation of everything. Now engrave the word COMMUNITY on it. That stone is bigger, shinier, and more important than all the others. Without the community cornerstone, the PHC building collapses. Every time you see a building under construction, remember: COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION = the first and most important cornerstone.
Why it works
The architectural cornerstone is a literal and concrete image that directly matches the word used in PHC literature. The visual reinforcement of 'first stone = first cornerstone' reinforces the concept of primacy.
Example usage
NLE question: 'Which is the PRIMARY cornerstone of PHC?' → First engraved stone → Community Participation.
Recall trigger
First stone of a building engraved COMMUNITY = Primary Cornerstone of PHC.
WHO Definition of Health: Complete physical, mental, and social well-being — not merely absence of disease
Memory aid
WHO says health is not just 'no pain' — It's body, mind, AND social gain! Physical wellness, mental peace, Social harmony that will never cease. Remember: THREE DIMENSIONS — not just one. Health = the COMPLETE package, not just fun! PMS = Physical, Mental, Social (not the other PMS!).
Why it works
A rhyme increases memorability by adding rhythm and phonetic pattern. The humorous note about 'not the other PMS' creates an emotional hook through laughter — humour boosts encoding.
Example usage
NLE question: 'According to WHO, health is defined as...' → PMS rhyme → complete physical, mental, and social well-being.
Recall trigger
PMS — Physical, Mental, Social — the WHO definition rhyme.
Ottawa Charter 3 Strategies: Advocate, Enable, Mediate
Memory aid
AEM — Advocate, Enable, Mediate. Say it as 'AEM' = 'Akin E Matupad' (I will fulfil this). The Ottawa Charter's three strategies are what health promoters DO: they ADVOCATE (speak up for health), ENABLE (give people capacity), and MEDIATE (bring different groups together). AEM = the health promoter's job description.
Why it works
The Filipino phrase 'Akin E Matupad' creates a personal ownership frame for the strategies — the student feels personally committed, which deepens encoding. The job description framing contextualises abstract strategies.
Example usage
NLE question: 'The Ottawa Charter identified three basic strategies for health promotion. What are they?' → AEM → Advocate, Enable, Mediate.
Recall trigger
AEM = Akin E Matupad = Advocate, Enable, Mediate — Ottawa strategies.
The Nurse's Role in Health Promotion: Educator, Organiser, Advocate, Collaborator, Role Model, Care Provider
Memory aid
EOACRC = 'Every Outstanding Advocate Creates Real Change!' E = Educator, O = Organiser/Facilitator, A = Advocate, C = Collaborator, R = Role model/Change agent, C = Care provider/Manager. The community health nurse wears ALL these hats — she is not just a pill-giver but a CHANGE MAKER in the community.
Why it works
The inspirational phrase 'Every Outstanding Advocate Creates Real Change' is emotionally motivating and memorable. It also subtly reframes the nurse's professional identity, creating emotional investment in the content.
Example usage
NLE question: 'Which role of the nurse involves mobilising the community to identify and solve its own health problems?' → EOACRC → O = Organiser/Facilitator (COPAR).
Recall trigger
'Every Outstanding Advocate Creates Real Change' = EOACRC = Nurse's 6 roles in health promotion.
Revision game
I was signed in 1979 and said 'Oo, Philippines supports PHC!' What am I?
Answer
Letter of Instruction 949 (LOI 949)
Memory link
A2 — 'Lagi O Ituloy' chunking anchor; remember 949 = October 19
I am the GOLDEN WAND of the community health nurse. Without me, no community can change their health behaviours. What am I?
Answer
Health Education
Memory link
A10 — Golden wand visual association
I am like a marathon runner who does NOT run away from illness but runs TOWARD wellness. Which health promotion model am I?
Answer
Pender's Health Promotion Model
Memory link
A8 — Marathon runner sprinting toward the finish line analogy
Mang Ernesto says 'Ayoko pag-isipan yan!' about quitting smoking. Which stage of change is he in?
Answer
Precontemplation
Memory link
A9 — Mang Ernesto's smoking journey micro-story
I am the FIRST and most important stone in the PHC building. Without me, everything crumbles. Who am I?
Answer
Community Participation (Primary Cornerstone of PHC)
Memory link
A17 — Cornerstone visual association
Please Enter Our School — what 4-phase process does this sentence represent?
Answer
COPAR Phases: Pre-entry, Entry, Organization-building, Sustenance
Memory link
A14 — PEOS mnemonic for COPAR phases
I happened in a 1978 stadium where two superheroes shouted 'Health for All by 2000!' What historic event am I?
Answer
Alma-Ata Declaration, International Conference on PHC, 1978
Memory link
A1 — Superhero stadium micro-story
A student learns to breastfeed by watching the nurse first, then doing it herself. Which teaching method is being used — and which learning domain does it address?
Answer
Return Demonstration — Psychomotor domain
Memory link
A12 — Sinigang cooking return demo analogy; A11 — CAP graduation domains
Formula mnemonics
PHC = Practical + Scientifically Sound + Socially Acceptable Methods + Universal Access + Full Participation + Affordable Cost
Mnemonic
PSSUA-PA: 'Practical Science Students Usually Achieve Perfect Attendance' — P=Practical, S=Scientifically sound, S=Socially acceptable, U=Universal access, A=All (full participation), P=Price affordable
When to use
When asked to define PHC or identify which statement best describes PHC according to the Alma-Ata Declaration
What each part means
Practical = can be applied in real community settings; Scientifically sound = evidence-based; Socially acceptable = culturally appropriate; Universal access = available to all; Full participation = community involved; Affordable = at a cost the country/community can sustain
Health Promotion = Enabling People to Increase Control Over + Improve Their Health (WHO)
Mnemonic
HPC = Health Promotion = Control + Improve. Think 'Health Promotion gives you the REMOTE CONTROL of your own health.' The nurse hands the remote to the community — they control their own wellness.
When to use
When asked to define health promotion or distinguish it from disease prevention
What each part means
Enabling = giving capacity/power; Increase control = autonomy and self-determination; Improve health = moving toward higher wellness on the continuum
COPAR Goal = Community Self-Reliance (not nurse-dependence)
Mnemonic
COPAR = 'Community Owns, Plans, Acts, Runs' — the community does it all by the end. The nurse's success in COPAR is measured by how well she can LEAVE without things falling apart.
When to use
When answering questions about the goal or final outcome of COPAR, or the Sustenance phase
What each part means
Community Organizing Participatory Action Research — O=Organizes itself, P=Plans its own programs, A=Acts independently, R=Runs sustainably without outside help
Quick recall chains
COPAR 4 Phases in Order
Recall test
Without looking, name the 4 COPAR phases in order. Which phase involves the nurse PHASING OUT? (Answer: Sustenance/Strengthening)
Memory chain
Please Enter Our School — P(re-entry) E(ntry) O(rganization-building) S(ustenance). Story: The nurse PLEASES the officials by preparing (Pre-entry), then she ENTERS the community (Entry), ORGANISES the people (Organization-building), and finally the community goes to 'SCHOOL' — it learns to run itself independently (Sustenance). Graduation day = the nurse phases out.
Items to remember
- Pre-entry
- Entry
- Organization-building
- Sustenance/Strengthening
ELEMENTS — 8 Essential Elements of PHC
Recall test
Spell out ELEMENTS and name what each letter stands for without looking. Then name the 2 additional elements. (Answer: Mental health + Dental health)
Memory chain
The word ELEMENTS itself is the chain. Imagine a giant periodic table but instead of chemical elements, it contains health elements: E(ducation), L(ocally endemic control), E(PI/Immunization), M(aternal and child health), E(ssential drugs), N(utrition), T(reatment), S(afe water). Add Mental and Dental health as two BONUS elements not on the original table — they are special editions.
Items to remember
- Education for health
- Locally endemic disease control
- Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI)
- Maternal and child health + Family planning
- Essential drugs
- Nutrition
- Treatment of communicable and non-communicable diseases
- Safe water and sanitation
5 Ottawa Charter Action Areas
Recall test
Without looking, name all 5 Ottawa Charter action areas. Which one involves changing health systems from curative to preventive? (Answer: Reorient health services)
Memory chain
The BAHAY (house) method: Roof = Build healthy public POLICY (protects everything from above). Walls = Create SUPPORTIVE environments (holds things together). Foundation = STRENGTHEN community action (the base). Windows = DEVELOP personal skills (lets light/knowledge in). Door = REORIENT health services (the entry point where change enters). Every time you picture a Filipino bahay, run through all 5 rooms.
Items to remember
- Build healthy public policy
- Create supportive environments
- Strengthen community action
- Develop personal skills
- Reorient health services
Stages of Change (Transtheoretical Model) — 5 Stages
Recall test
Name the 5 stages of the Transtheoretical Model in order. If a patient says 'I know I eat too much asin but I'm not thinking of changing,' which stage is he? (Answer: Precontemplation)
Memory chain
Mang Ernesto's smoking journey: He IGNORES the problem (Precontemplation — 'Ayoko pag-isipan!'), he THINKS about it (Contemplation — 'Baka dapat umalis na ako sa bisyo...'), he PREPARES by buying patches (Preparation — 'Nagbili na ng nicotine patch'), he QUITS (Action — 'Tumigil na!'), and 6 months later he is still smoke-free (Maintenance — 'Libre na ako!'). Chain: Ignore → Think → Prepare → Quit → Stay quit. Acronym: I-T-P-Q-S or Pre-Con-Prep-Act-Main.
Items to remember
- Precontemplation
- Contemplation
- Preparation
- Action
- Maintenance
Community Health Process (Nursing Process at Population Level)
Recall test
Name the 4 steps of the community health process. What makes community planning different from individual patient planning? (Answer: Done WITH the community, not FOR them)
Memory chain
It mirrors the NURSING PROCESS exactly — just swap 'patient' with 'community': Assess the community (Community Diagnosis) → Plan with the community → Implement programs → Evaluate outcomes using health indicators. The key difference: always WITH the community, not FOR the community. Mnemonic: A-P-I-E = 'A PIE for the whole community!' Assess, Plan, Implement, Evaluate.
Items to remember
- Community diagnosis/Assessment
- Planning/Prioritisation
- Implementation
- Evaluation
Diagrams
Health Promotion and PHC — Master Mind Map
A comprehensive mind map showing ALL major topics of the chapter in one visual. Use this to orient yourself at the start of review and to check which branches you can recall from memory before each study session.
COPAR Phases and Goals — Step-by-Step Flowchart
A visual flowchart showing the 4 COPAR phases in order (Pre-entry → Entry → Organization-building → Sustenance) with key activities under each phase and the ultimate goal of community self-reliance. Use this to trace the path of the nurse from entering to exiting the community.
Levels of Prevention — Typhoon Decision Flowchart
A decision-tree flowchart for applying the three levels of prevention. Start with whether disease is present to determine which level applies, then view specific nursing interventions under each level. Note that primary prevention is always the preferred upstream approach.
Key Historical Events in PHC and Health Promotion
A chronological timeline of the most important historical events in PHC and health promotion that NLE candidates must know. Alma-Ata (1978) and Ottawa (1986) are the two most commonly tested international milestones. LOI 949 (1979) is the Philippine-specific landmark.
Health Behaviour Models — Quick Comparison Flowchart
A side-by-side comparison flowchart of the three health behaviour models. Use this to quickly differentiate which model to apply when answering NLE scenario questions. Key differentiator: HBM = avoidance motivation; Pender = approach motivation; TTM = stage-based intervention.