Epidemiology & Biostatistics - Concept Map
Epidemiology & Biostatistics: Population Health Study & Measurement
Related concepts
Epidemiology Fundamentals
Sub concepts
- Definition: Distribution & Determinants of Health
- Person-Place-Time Framework
- Unit of Care: Population/Community
- Purpose: Describe, Detect, Investigate, Control
Relationship to central
Core discipline defining how disease patterns are studied in communities
Models of Disease Causation
Sub concepts
- Epidemiologic Triangle: Agent-Host-Environment
- Vector in Disease Transmission
- Web of Causation: Multiple Risk Factors
- Chain of Infection: Six Links
Relationship to central
Explains how diseases develop and spread in populations
Disease Occurrence Patterns
Sub concepts
- Sporadic: Occasional & Irregular
- Endemic: Constant Presence in Area
- Epidemic/Outbreak: Excess of Expected Cases
- Pandemic: Cross-Country Spread
Relationship to central
Describes how diseases appear and spread in populations
Natural History & Levels of Prevention
Sub concepts
- Prepathogenesis Stage: Susceptibility
- Pathogenesis Stage: Subclinical to Clinical
- Primary Prevention: Health Promotion & Protection
- Secondary Prevention: Early Detection & Treatment
- Tertiary Prevention: Rehabilitation & Disability Limitation
Relationship to central
Framework for intervention timing based on disease progression
Surveillance Systems (Philippine Context)
Sub concepts
- DOH Epidemiology Bureau: Coordination
- PIDSR: Philippine Integrated Disease Surveillance & Response
- ESUs: Regional, Provincial, Municipal Units
- Passive vs. Active Surveillance
- Notifiable Diseases Reporting
Relationship to central
Systematic collection and analysis of health data for action
Outbreak Investigation Process
Sub concepts
- Step 1: Establish & Verify Diagnosis
- Step 2: Define & Identify Cases
- Step 3: Describe by Person-Place-Time
- Step 4: Formulate & Test Hypothesis
- Step 5: Implement Control Measures
- Step 6: Communicate Findings
- Epidemic Curve: Point-Source vs. Propagated
Relationship to central
Systematic steps to respond to excess disease occurrence
Vital Statistics (Philippine Context)
Sub concepts
- Definition: Births, Deaths, Marriages, Health Events
- Data Source: Civil Registration
- Crude Birth Rate Formula & Interpretation
- Crude Death Rate Formula & Interpretation
- Infant & Neonatal Mortality Rates
- Maternal Mortality Rate/Ratio
- Fetal Death Rate
- Cause-of-Death & Proportionate Mortality Rates
Relationship to central
Quantifies major health and demographic events in populations
Morbidity & Disease-Frequency Formulas
Sub concepts
- Incidence Rate: New Cases & Risk
- Prevalence Rate: All Existing Cases & Burden
- Attack Rate: Used in Outbreaks
- Case Fatality Rate: Disease Severity
- Incidence vs. Prevalence Distinction
Relationship to central
Quantifies disease occurrence and severity in populations
Screening & Test Validity
Sub concepts
- Sensitivity: Correctly Identifies Those With Disease
- Specificity: Correctly Identifies Those Without Disease
- Positive Predictive Value & Prevalence
- Negative Predictive Value
- Screening Program Criteria
Relationship to central
Evaluates tools for early disease detection
Study Designs in Epidemiology
Sub concepts
- Descriptive Studies: Case Reports & Surveys
- Cohort Study: Forward in Time & Relative Risk
- Case-Control Study: Backward Approach & Odds Ratio
- Experimental/RCT: Strongest Evidence
Relationship to central
Methods for investigating disease patterns and causation
Data Interpretation & Central Tendency
Sub concepts
- Mean: Arithmetic Average
- Median: Middle Value
- Mode: Most Frequent Value
- Rate vs. Ratio vs. Proportion
Relationship to central
Statistical tools for analyzing population health data
Data Sources (Philippine Context)
Sub concepts
- Census: PSA Complete Population Count
- Civil Registration: Births, Deaths, Fetal Deaths
- FHSIS: Routine RHU & Health Center Data
- Surveys & Surveillance Systems
- Documentation & Accuracy Importance
Relationship to central
Origins of health information for epidemiologic analysis
Nursing Roles in Epidemiology
Sub concepts
- Case-Finding & Contact Tracing
- Notifiable Disease Reporting (PIDSR/FHSIS)
- Vital & Health Statistics Collection
- Program Planning & Evaluation
- Health Teaching & Chain-Breaking Interventions
- RA 9173 Professional Responsibilities
Relationship to central
Application of epidemiologic principles in community health practice
Concept connections
- Epidemiology FundamentalsDisease Causation ModelsEpidemiology uses models to explain how diseases develop and spread
- Epidemiology FundamentalsDisease Occurrence PatternsThe descriptive person-place-time framework identifies disease occurrence patterns
- Disease Causation ModelsChain of InfectionChain of infection is a specific model explaining communicable disease transmission
- Chain of InfectionNursing Roles in EpidemiologyNurses break the chain through interventions at each link
- Disease Occurrence PatternsOutbreak Investigation ProcessOutbreak investigation is triggered when disease exceeds endemic levels
- Outbreak Investigation ProcessNatural History & Levels of PreventionInvestigation findings guide prevention strategy selection
- Surveillance SystemsOutbreak Investigation ProcessSurveillance detects outbreaks, triggering investigation
- Surveillance SystemsNursing Roles in EpidemiologyNurses report notifiable diseases through PIDSR
- Vital StatisticsData Interpretation & Central TendencyStatistical measures are used to analyze vital statistics data
- Vital StatisticsData Sources PHVital statistics primarily come from civil registration
- Disease-Frequency FormulasVital StatisticsMorbidity formulas (incidence, prevalence) complement mortality statistics
- Disease-Frequency FormulasStudy DesignsStudy designs generate the data used to calculate disease frequency measures
- Screening & Test ValidityNatural History & Levels of PreventionScreening is a secondary prevention tool requiring valid tests
- Screening & Test ValidityDisease-Frequency FormulasTest predictive values are influenced by disease prevalence
- Study DesignsOutbreak Investigation ProcessOutbreak investigations use cohort and case-control study designs
- Nursing Roles in EpidemiologySurveillance SystemsNurses implement surveillance by identifying and reporting cases
- Nursing Roles in EpidemiologyOutbreak Investigation ProcessNurses conduct case-finding, contact tracing, and health education during outbreaks
- Nursing Roles in EpidemiologyNatural History & Levels of PreventionNurses implement all three levels of prevention across disease natural history
- Data Sources PHNursing Roles in EpidemiologyAccurate nursing documentation contributes to health data quality
- Disease Causation ModelsNatural History & Levels of PreventionUnderstanding causation informs which preventive strategies to target
Diagrams
Epidemiology & Biostatistics: Complete Concept Hierarchy
Comprehensive mind map showing the hierarchical structure of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, organized from central definition through 12 major concept clusters with supporting sub-concepts. This map illustrates how all topics interconnect within the discipline of population health study and measurement.
Chain of Infection: Six Links & Nursing Interventions
Flowchart depicting the six-link chain of infection with specific nursing interventions at each link. Shows how breaking any single link prevents disease transmission. This is fundamental to understanding communicable disease control and is highly relevant to NLE questions on infection control.
Outbreak Investigation: Systematic Process
Step-by-step flowchart of the outbreak investigation process, from detection through control and reporting. Emphasizes the person-place-time descriptive framework, epidemic curve analysis, and the distinction between point-source and propagated outbreaks. Essential for NLE questions on outbreak response.
Vital Statistics Formulas: Calculation & Interpretation Guide
Decision tree and formula reference for vital statistics calculations commonly tested on the NLE. Shows the type of event measured, the exact formula with denominator and multiplier, and brief interpretation guidance. Critical for Philippine health statistics questions.
Incidence vs. Prevalence: Key Distinction for Disease Measurement
Detailed comparison flowchart distinguishing incidence from prevalence using formulas, purposes, time frames, and examples. Emphasizes that prevalence is influenced by both incidence and disease duration. This distinction is critical for NLE epidemiology questions.
Natural History of Disease: Stages & Prevention Levels
Timeline showing the natural history of disease progression through prepathogenesis and pathogenesis stages, with corresponding nursing interventions at each level of prevention. Illustrates how primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention are timed to intercept disease at different stages. Essential for understanding the nursing role in disease control.
Screening Test Validity: Sensitivity, Specificity & Predictive Values
Comprehensive flowchart explaining test validity concepts including sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values. Defines test result categories (TP, FP, TN, FN), provides formulas, and illustrates clinical interpretation rules (SnNout, SpPin). Critical for NLE screening and diagnostic test questions.
Philippine Surveillance System: PIDSR Structure & Nursing Roles
Hierarchical flowchart of the Philippine Integrated Disease Surveillance and Response (PIDSR) system structure from national (DOH Epidemiology Bureau) through regional, provincial, and municipal levels to frontline health facilities. Illustrates passive vs. active surveillance types and demonstrates nursing roles in case identification, reporting, and follow-up under RA 9173 responsibilities.