NLE Cardiovascular Nursing — Inflammatory, Valvular and Vascular DisordersConcept Map

Concept

Inflammatory Disorders of the Heart

Sub Concepts

• Infective Endocarditis
• Pericarditis
• Myocarditis
• Risk Factors
• Clinical Manifestations
• Nursing Management

Relationship To Central

Category of cardiac inflammation affecting heart layers and structures

Concept

Rheumatic and Valvular Heart Disease

Sub Concepts

• Rheumatic Fever
• Rheumatic Heart Disease
• Mitral Stenosis
• Mitral Regurgitation
• Aortic Stenosis
• Aortic Regurgitation
• Valve Repair and Replacement
• Anticoagulation Management

Relationship To Central

Chronic sequelae of infection and structural valve dysfunction

Concept

Hypertension

Sub Concepts

• Primary Hypertension
• Secondary Hypertension
• Blood Pressure Classification
• Target Organ Damage
• Antihypertensive Pharmacology
• Hypertensive Crisis
• Nursing Management
• Lifestyle Modifications

Relationship To Central

Systemic vascular disease affecting multiple organ systems

Concept

Peripheral Vascular Disease

Sub Concepts

• Peripheral Arterial Disease
• Arterial Insufficiency Assessment
• Claudication
• Chronic Venous Insufficiency
• Venous Ulcers
• Buerger's Disease
• Raynaud's Phenomenon
• Nursing Interventions

Relationship To Central

Vascular insufficiency affecting limb perfusion and tissue viability

Concept

Aneurysm

Sub Concepts

• Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm
• Risk Factors
• Clinical Presentation
• Rupture Management
• Surgical Intervention
• Postoperative Nursing Care

Relationship To Central

Arterial wall weakness leading to permanent dilation and rupture risk

Concept

Deep Vein Thrombosis and Venous Thromboembolism

Sub Concepts

• Virchow's Triad
• DVT Manifestations
• Pulmonary Embolism
• Anticoagulation Therapy
• Prevention Strategies
• Monitoring and Assessment
• Acute Management

Relationship To Central

Life-threatening thromboembolic complications requiring urgent intervention

To

Valve Dysfunction

From

Infective Endocarditis

Strength

strong

Relationship

Vegetation formation can damage valve structure causing stenosis or regurgitation

To

Rheumatic Heart Disease

From

Rheumatic Fever

Strength

strong

Relationship

Acute rheumatic fever leads to chronic valve scarring and dysfunction

To

Atrial Fibrillation

From

Valve Dysfunction

Strength

strong

Relationship

Abnormal flow patterns and atrial dilation trigger dysrhythmia, especially with mitral stenosis

To

Target Organ Damage

From

Hypertension

Strength

strong

Relationship

Sustained elevated BP causes stroke, MI, HF, CKD, and retinopathy

To

Peripheral Arterial Disease

From

Hypertension

Strength

strong

Relationship

HTN is a major risk factor for atherosclerotic narrowing of peripheral arteries

To

Intermittent Claudication

From

Peripheral Arterial Disease

Strength

strong

Relationship

Arterial stenosis limits blood flow causing leg pain with ambulation

To

Venous Insufficiency

From

Arterial Insufficiency

Strength

strong

Relationship

Opposite pathophysiology requiring opposite management (dangle vs elevate)

To

Buerger's Disease

From

Smoking

Strength

strong

Relationship

Tobacco use is the primary cause; cessation halts progression and prevents amputation

To

Aneurysm

From

Hypertension

Strength

strong

Relationship

Elevated BP increases wall stress, promoting aortic dilation and rupture risk

To

DVT

From

Immobility

Strength

strong

Relationship

Venous stasis is a component of Virchow's Triad leading to clot formation

To

Pulmonary Embolism

From

DVT

Strength

strong

Relationship

Dislodged thrombus travels to lungs causing life-threatening acute PE

To

INR Monitoring

From

Anticoagulation Therapy

Strength

strong

Relationship

Warfarin requires INR monitoring with therapeutic range of 2-3

To

aPTT Monitoring

From

Anticoagulation Therapy

Strength

strong

Relationship

Heparin requires aPTT monitoring with therapeutic range of 1.5-2.5 times control

To

Lifelong Anticoagulation

From

Mechanical Prosthetic Valve

Strength

strong

Relationship

Mechanical valves are thrombogenic and require permanent warfarin therapy

To

Cardiac Tamponade

From

Pericarditis

Strength

strong

Relationship

Fluid accumulation in pericardium compresses heart leading to emergency

To

Positional Relief

From

Pericarditis Pain

Strength

strong

Relationship

Sharp pleuritic pain improves when sitting upright and leaning forward

To

Blood Pressure Measurement

From

Nursing Assessment

Strength

moderate

Relationship

Correct technique (seated, rested, proper cuff size, arm at heart level) ensures valid readings

To

Controlled Reduction

From

Hypertensive Crisis

Strength

strong

Relationship

Rapid BP lowering can cause ischemic injury; controlled reduction prevents complications

To

Endocarditis Prevention

From

Antibiotic Prophylaxis

Strength

strong

Relationship

High-risk patients need prophylaxis before dental and invasive procedures

To

DVT Dislodgement Risk

From

Limb Massage

Strength

strong

Relationship

Massaging affected limb risks dislodging clot and triggering PE

To

Color Changes

From

Raynaud's Phenomenon

Strength

strong

Relationship

Vasospasm causes classic white (pallor) to blue (cyanosis) to red (rubor) sequence

To

Raynaud's Exacerbation

From

Cold Exposure

Strength

strong

Relationship

Cold is primary trigger for vasospastic episodes in Raynaud's

To

Pulsating Mass

From

Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm

Strength

strong

Relationship

AAA presents as palpable pulsating abdominal mass with bruit

To

Hemorrhagic Shock

From

Aneurysm Rupture

Strength

strong

Relationship

Rupture causes massive internal bleeding and hemodynamic collapse

To

Medial Malleolus Location

From

Venous Insufficiency Ulcer

Strength

moderate

Relationship

Venous ulcers characteristically occur around medial malleolus

To

Toe or Pressure Point Location

From

Arterial Ulcer

Strength

moderate

Relationship

Arterial ulcers appear as punched-out lesions on toes and pressure areas

To

DVT Prevention

From

Sequential Compression Device

Strength

moderate

Relationship

Mechanical pumping of calf muscles prevents stasis in immobile patients

To

DVT Prevention

From

Early Ambulation

Strength

strong

Relationship

Muscle contraction during walking promotes venous return

To

Warfarin Stability

From

Dietary Vitamin K

Strength

strong

Relationship

Consistent vitamin K intake maintains stable INR; avoid sudden dietary changes

To

Persistent Cough

From

ACE Inhibitor Side Effect

Strength

moderate

Relationship

ACE-I causes cough in 10-15% due to bradykinin accumulation; ARB alternative lacks this

To

Hypertension Control

From

Sodium Restriction

Strength

strong

Relationship

Limiting sodium intake to less than 2.3g daily helps lower BP and prevent fluid overload