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Civil Service Exam (Subprofessional) Numerical AbilityBasic Statistics & Consecutive NumbersCheat Sheet

Cheat sheet for Civil Service Exam (Subprofessional) Numerical Ability — Basic Statistics & Consecutive Numbers. Compact, printable, and organised around the concepts Civil Service Commission (CSC) tests most frequently in the Civil Service Exam (Subprofessional) 2026. Perfect for the week before exam day.

Exam context

The Career Service Examination — Subprofessional Level is conducted by Civil Service Commission (CSC) and is scheduled for Bi-annual — March and August 2026. The Numerical Ability subtest is marked as "~25% weightage" in the official pattern, and Basic Statistics & Consecutive Numbers appears in position 9th of 9 in the Civil Service Exam (Subprofessional) Numerical Ability review rotation. Passing mark: 80%. Recent Civil Service Exam (Subprofessional) 2026 papers have drawn roughly 17 questions from this subject.

Basic Statistics & Consecutive Numbers - Cheat sheet

Your last-minute revision companion for mastering statistics formulas and consecutive number problems before your exam.

Sections

Formulas

Formula

Average/Mean = Sum of all terms / Number of terms

Meaning

Sum = total of all values, Number = count of values

Watch Out

Don't confuse sum with count - make sure you're dividing by the correct number of terms

When To Use

When asked to find the average or mean of a set of numbers

Formula

Missing term = Sum of original terms - Sum of remaining terms

Meaning

Original sum = average × total count, Remaining sum = sum of known values

Watch Out

Calculate the total sum first using average × count before subtracting

When To Use

When one value is missing from a group with known average

Formula

Sum of all terms = Average × Number of terms

Meaning

Average = given mean, Number = total count of values

Watch Out

Make sure you use the correct count including any new additions

When To Use

When you know the average and need to find the total sum

Formula

Weighted Average = Sum of weighted terms / Total number of terms

Meaning

Weighted terms = value × frequency, Total number = sum of all frequencies

Watch Out

Multiply each average by its group size before adding, don't just average the averages

When To Use

When different groups have different sizes or weights

Section Title

Basic Statistics Formulas

Important Facts

  • Average can be decimal even if all original numbers are whole numbers
  • When one person joins/leaves a group, both the sum and count change
  • Weighted average is closer to the average of the larger group
  • If all values are the same, the average equals that value
  • Adding the same number to all terms doesn't change their average

Key Definitions

Term

Average (Mean)

Example

Average of 10, 20, 30 = (10+20+30)/3 = 20

Definition

The sum of all values divided by the number of values

Term

Weighted Average

Example

26 boys (40kg avg) + 14 girls (35kg avg) = weighted average of class

Definition

Average where some values count more than others based on frequency or importance

Term

Sum of Terms

Example

If average of 5 numbers is 20, sum = 5 × 20 = 100

Definition

Total when all values in a data set are added together

Diagrams To Know

  • Formula relationship diagram showing connections between average, sum, and count
  • Step-by-step process for solving missing term problems

Formulas

Formula

New Unit = Original Value × (New Unit / Original Unit)

Meaning

Original Value = given measurement, Conversion Factor = ratio of units

Watch Out

Make sure units cancel out correctly - wrong fraction gives wrong answer

When To Use

Converting between different units of measurement

Common Values

Value

7 days

Symbol

week

Quantity

Days per week

Value

12 inches

Symbol

ft

Quantity

Inches per foot

Value

3 feet

Symbol

yd

Quantity

Feet per yard

Value

16 ounces

Symbol

lb

Quantity

Ounces per pound

Value

8 pints

Symbol

gal

Quantity

Pints per gallon

Section Title

Unit Conversion

Important Facts

  • 1 week = 7 days
  • 1 foot = 12 inches
  • 1 yard = 3 feet
  • 1 pound = 16 ounces
  • 1 gallon = 8 pints
  • 1 mile = 1.6 kilometers
  • 1 inch = 25.4 millimeters

Key Definitions

Term

Unit Conversion

Example

644 days = 644 ÷ 7 = 92 weeks

Definition

Process of changing a measurement from one unit to another equivalent unit

Term

Conversion Factor

Example

1 foot/12 inches or 1 yard/3 feet

Definition

A fraction equal to 1 that relates two different units

Diagrams To Know

  • Common unit conversion chart
  • Step-by-step conversion process

Formulas

Formula

Whole = 1 - (Sum of other fractions)

Meaning

Whole = complete unit (1), Other fractions = parts already accounted for

Watch Out

Convert all fractions to common denominator before adding or subtracting

When To Use

Finding remaining fraction when some parts are given

Formula

Rate = 1 ÷ Time to complete

Meaning

Rate = fraction completed per unit time, Time = total time needed

Watch Out

Don't confuse time with rate - rate is always 1/time

When To Use

Finding what fraction of work is done in given time

Formula

Part = Fraction × Whole

Meaning

Part = portion you want to find, Fraction = given ratio, Whole = total amount

Watch Out

Make sure you identify what represents the 'whole' correctly

When To Use

Finding actual amount when fraction of total is given

Section Title

Fraction Word Problems

Important Facts

  • All fractions in a problem must add up to 1 (the whole)
  • When finding missing part, subtract known parts from 1
  • Rate problems: if job takes x hours, rate is 1/x per hour
  • Fraction × Whole = Part, so Whole = Part ÷ Fraction
  • When two parts have ratio a:b, longer part = total × a/(a+b)

Key Definitions

Term

Fraction of Whole

Example

3/8 of tank is filled means 3 parts out of 8 total parts

Definition

Part of a complete unit expressed as numerator over denominator

Term

Rate Problem

Example

If tank fills in 2¼ hours, rate = 1/(9/4) = 4/9 per hour

Definition

Problem involving how much work is completed per unit time

Diagrams To Know

  • Fraction bar diagrams showing parts of whole
  • Rate and work relationship diagrams

Must Remember

  • Average = Sum ÷ Count (most basic and important formula)
  • To find missing term: Calculate total sum first, then subtract known values
  • Weighted average formula: (Group1×Size1 + Group2×Size2) ÷ (Size1+Size2)
  • 1 week = 7 days, 1 foot = 12 inches, 1 yard = 3 feet, 1 pound = 16 ounces
  • Unit conversion: multiply by conversion factor as fraction
  • All fractions in a whole must sum to 1
  • Rate = 1 ÷ (time to complete), so if job takes 2¼ hours, rate is 4/9 per hour
  • Part = Fraction × Whole, so Whole = Part ÷ Fraction
  • When joining/leaving groups, both sum and count change
  • Always convert fractions to common denominator before adding/subtracting

Last Minute Tips

  • For average problems, always check if someone joins/leaves the group - this changes both sum and count
  • In weighted average, multiply each group's average by its size before adding
  • For conversion problems, set up fraction so original units cancel out
  • When finding missing fraction, subtract all known fractions from 1
  • Read fraction problems twice to identify what represents the 'whole'

Comparison Tables

Rows

Values

  • Sum ÷ Count
  • (Sum of weighted terms) ÷ Total count

Property

Formula

Values

  • All values equal importance
  • Groups have different sizes

Property

When to use

Values

  • Test scores: 80, 90, 70
  • 26 boys (40kg) + 14 girls (35kg)

Property

Example

Columns

  • Aspect
  • Simple Average
  • Weighted Average

Table Title

Average vs Weighted Average

Rows

Values

  • Average, Count
  • Sum
  • Sum = Average × Count

Property

Average + Count

Values

  • Average, Some values
  • Missing term
  • Missing = Total sum - Known sum

Property

Average + Some terms

Values

  • Sum, Count
  • Average
  • Average = Sum ÷ Count

Property

Sum + Count

Columns

  • Known
  • Unknown
  • Formula to Use

Table Title

Finding Missing Values

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