Memory AnchorsCELE · Steel & Timber DesignReal content

CELE Steel & Timber Design — Timber DesignMemory Anchors

Summary Concepts Notes Revision Deep Dive Slides Flashcards Mistakes Cheat Mnemonics Templates

Memory anchors for Timber Design — mnemonic devices, acronyms, and tricks that make the CELE Steel & Timber Design syllabus stick. Use these when a concept just will not stay in your head.

Exam context

For the Civil Engineer Licensure Examination, Professional Regulation Commission (PRC) — Board of Civil Engineering tests Steel & Timber Design under a "Core" label, with Timber Design in the 5th slot across 5 chapters. CELE candidates must clear the 70% weighted average, no sub-test below 50% cut on the 2026 paper, which draws about a meaningful share of Steel & Timber Design questions. Date to watch: May and November 2026.

Timber Design - Memory Anchors

Memory techniques can boost long-term retention by up to 400% compared to passive re-reading. For Timber Design, the challenge is remembering a web of adjustment factors, three stress-check formulas, and the column stability equation — all under exam pressure. These anchors use mnemonics, analogies, micro-stories, and visual hooks to wire each concept into your long-term memory. When you see the recall trigger in an exam question, the full concept should snap back instantly. Work through each anchor, visualize it, then test yourself with the Revision Game at the end.

Anchors

Topic

ASD Framework

Concept

ASD Framework: F' = F × (product of all C factors)

Anchor Id

Difficulty

easy

Memory Aid

Think of F (reference value) as the BASE SALARY of a timber beam — the amount it earns under perfect, ideal conditions. Each adjustment factor C is a PERFORMANCE MODIFIER: working overtime (C_D = 1.6 for wind), being wet (C_M reduces pay), being too tall (C_F size effect). Your actual take-home pay is F' = F × all modifiers. The beam's job is to make sure its actual stress f never exceeds F' — it must not overspend its allowance.

Anchor Type

analogy

Why It Works

Salary/pay analogies are universally relatable to Filipino reviewees preparing for professional life. The multiplicative nature of the factors mirrors how multipliers stack in payroll.

Example Usage

When asked for F'_b, immediately write F_b × C_D × C_M × C_t × C_F × C_L × C_r. Then check: is f_b ≤ F'_b?

Recall Trigger

Base salary × all performance multipliers = F'

Topic

Adjustment Factors

Concept

The 7 main adjustment factors and their meanings

Anchor Id

Difficulty

medium

Memory Aid

Remember the acronym: D-M-T-F-L-P-R → 'Dami Mo Talaga, Fafa Lang Po Rin' (a playful Filipino phrase: 'You have so many, Fafa, just a bit more'). D = C_D (Duration), M = C_M (Moisture/wet service), T = C_t (Temperature), F = C_F (size Factor), L = C_L (Lateral beam stability), P = C_P (column stability — P for Post/Poste), R = C_r (Repetitive member). Visualize a timber post (Poste) soaking wet (M) in Manila summer heat (T) carrying repeated loads (R) for years (D) at different sizes (F) without buckling (L).

Anchor Type

acronym

Why It Works

A Filipino-flavored acronym creates an emotional and cultural hook. Each letter directly maps to one factor, preventing omission on exam day.

Example Usage

When listing adjustment factors for F'_b, recall the phrase: Duration, Moisture, Temperature, size Factor, Lateral stability, Post stability, Repetitive. Check which apply to bending (C_P does NOT apply to bending).

Recall Trigger

'Dami Mo Talaga, Fafa Lang Po Rin' → D-M-T-F-L-P-R

Topic

Load Duration Factor C_D

Concept

C_D (Load Duration Factor) values: 0.9, 1.0, 1.15, 1.25, 1.6, 2.0

Anchor Id

Difficulty

medium

Memory Aid

Use the sentence: 'Permanently Old Teachers Live Well, Indeed!' Each word's first letter + a mapped value: P = Permanent (C_D = 0.9), O = Ordinary/10-year (1.0), T = Two-month (1.15), L = Last-7-days (1.25), W = Wind/seismic (1.6), I = Impact (2.0). The order goes from LOWEST to HIGHEST — the longer the load duration, the LOWER the allowable (wood creeps and fatigues), and the SHORTER the duration, the HIGHER C_D (wood can take a punch for a moment).

Anchor Type

mnemonic

Why It Works

A sentence mnemonic with ascending values creates a directional memory hook. The logic (short duration = wood stronger temporarily) adds conceptual reinforcement.

Example Usage

Problem states 'wind load governs.' Recall W = Wind = C_D = 1.6. Multiply F_b × 1.6 (and other C factors) to get F'_b.

Recall Trigger

'Permanently Old Teachers Live Well, Indeed' → 0.9, 1.0, 1.15, 1.25, 1.6, 2.0

Topic

Bending Stress Check

Concept

Bending stress formula: f_b = M/S ≤ F'_b

Anchor Id

Difficulty

easy

Memory Aid

Chant this during review: 'M over S is what you see, compare to F-prime-b to set it free. If f_b is less, the beam will stay — if f_b is more, redesign today!' Section modulus S = bh²/6 for rectangle. Think of S as the beam's STRENGTH SHAPE — a deeper beam has a much bigger S (h is squared!), which is why you make beams TALL, not wide.

Anchor Type

rhyme

Why It Works

Rhymes activate the phonological loop in working memory, making the sequence stick even under stress. The design logic (make beams tall) adds engineering intuition.

Example Usage

Given M = 12 kN·m and a 100×300 mm beam: S = 100(300²)/6 = 1.5×10⁶ mm³; f_b = 12×10⁶/1.5×10⁶ = 8 MPa. Compare to F'_b.

Recall Trigger

'M over S' chant → f_b = M/S, then check ≤ F'_b

Topic

Shear Stress Check

Concept

Horizontal shear formula: f_v = 3V/2A for rectangular sections

Anchor Id

Difficulty

easy

Memory Aid

Picture a JEEPNEY overloaded with passengers. The floor (horizontal plane) is where the shear tends to slide — this is shear PARALLEL to grain in timber. The factor 3/2 = 1.5 is the same 1.5 parabolic shape factor you see in concrete and steel beams. Visualize the number 1.5 written on the side of the jeepney. The formula: f_v = 3V/(2A) = 1.5 × V/A. The actual shear stress is 50% more than the average V/A because it peaks at the neutral axis.

Anchor Type

visual_association

Why It Works

The jeepney is an iconic Filipino cultural image that creates a vivid spatial memory. Connecting 3V/2A to the universal 1.5 parabolic factor reduces cognitive load.

Example Usage

V = 15 kN, A = 100×300 = 30,000 mm²: f_v = 3(15,000)/(2×30,000) = 0.75 MPa. Compare to F'_v.

Recall Trigger

Overloaded jeepney floor + 1.5 × average shear

Topic

Notched Beam Shear

Concept

Notched beam shear: reduced capacity — a classic CELE trap

Anchor Id

Difficulty

hard

Memory Aid

Imagine Mang Jose, a carpenter, notches a beam at the support to make it sit flush on the ledger — a neat, tidy joint. But during inspection, Engineer Reyes flags it immediately: 'Mang Jose, you just cut the beam's shear throat!' The notch reduces the effective depth from d to d_n (net depth), and the shear stress at the notch is amplified by (d/d_n). A 20% notch depth reduction can cause a 25% stress increase. The CELE board loves this trap: always use d_n, never d, at a notched support.

Anchor Type

micro_story

Why It Works

A character-based micro-story with a Filipino setting (carpenter + engineer) creates an emotional narrative. The surprise/warning emotion of the story enhances memory consolidation.

Example Usage

If a beam is notched at support, replace full depth d with net depth d_n in shear calculation. Shear capacity drops — watch for this in problems stating a notch or bird's mouth cut.

Recall Trigger

Mang Jose's notch → use d_n, NOT d at notched support

Topic

Column Compression

Concept

Compression parallel to grain: f_c = P/A ≤ F'_c = F*_c × C_P

Anchor Id

Difficulty

medium

Memory Aid

A timber column is like a BAMBOO POLE holding a load. First, check its 'pure crush strength' — F*_c (all factors except C_P). But if the pole is tall and slender, it will BUCKLE before it crushes. C_P is the buckling penalty: it ranges from near 1.0 (stocky, safe) down toward 0 (slender, about to snap). Think of C_P as the BAMBOO'S CONFIDENCE RATING — a short fat bamboo is confident (C_P ≈ 1.0); a tall thin one is shaky (C_P ≈ 0.3). Multiply F*_c × C_P to get the actual allowable F'_c.

Anchor Type

analogy

Why It Works

Bamboo is the Filipino analog of timber columns — culturally resonant and structurally analogous. The confidence metaphor maps perfectly to the 0-to-1 range of C_P.

Example Usage

Given F*_c = 10 MPa and C_P = 0.781: F'_c = 10 × 0.781 = 7.81 MPa. Then P_allow = F'_c × A.

Recall Trigger

Bamboo confidence rating = C_P; F'_c = F*_c × C_P

Topic

Column Stability Factor C_P

Concept

Critical buckling stress for timber column: F_cE = 0.822 E'_min / (ℓ_e/d)²

Anchor Id

Difficulty

hard

Memory Aid

Remember '0.822 as Euler's timber twin.' Euler's column formula uses π²E/(KL/r)² — timber's version replaces π²/... with 0.822 and uses slenderness (ℓ_e/d) with section dimension d instead of radius of gyration r. The magic number 0.822 is derived from reliability calibration in ASD. Memory hook: '0.822 = almost 1 minus one-sixth' (1 - 1/6 ≈ 0.833 ≈ 0.822). Or just memorize '8-2-2' as the area code of Metro Manila — timber columns in Manila buckle at 0.822.

Anchor Type

mnemonic

Why It Works

Linking 0.822 to Metro Manila's area code (02) creates a location-based memory anchor. The Euler parallel reduces the formula to a familiar structure.

Example Usage

ℓ_e/d = 20, E'_min = 6500 MPa: F_cE = 0.822(6500)/400 = 13.36 MPa. This becomes β = F_cE/F*_c for the C_P formula.

Recall Trigger

Metro Manila area code 8-2-2 → 0.822 E'_min / (ℓ_e/d)²

Topic

Column Stability Factor C_P

Concept

C_P formula structure and the β ratio

Anchor Id

Difficulty

hard

Memory Aid

Visualize C_P as a TRAFFIC LIGHT DIMMER for a column. β = F_cE/F*_c is the RATIO of Euler buckling stress to crush stress. When β > 1 (buckling stress > crush stress), the column is stocky — the light is GREEN (C_P approaches 1.0). When β < 1 (buckling governs before crushing), the light turns AMBER then RED — C_P drops. The formula (1+β)/2c − √[...] is the dimmer dial that smoothly transitions between fully ON and fully OFF. For sawn lumber: c = 0.8 (slightly imperfect wood). For glulam: c = 0.90 (better quality control).

Anchor Type

visual_association

Why It Works

Traffic light metaphors are universally understood and map to the 0-to-1 behavior of C_P. The c = 0.8 vs 0.9 distinction is anchored to quality (sawn vs glulam).

Example Usage

In C_P formula, always identify c first: is it sawn lumber (c = 0.8) or glulam (c = 0.90)? Then compute β = F_cE/F*_c and substitute into the full expression.

Recall Trigger

Traffic light dimmer: β > 1 = green (C_P near 1); c = 0.8 sawn, 0.9 glulam

Topic

Column Stability Factor C_P

Concept

c = 0.8 for sawn lumber, c = 0.90 for glulam

Anchor Id

A10

Difficulty

easy

Memory Aid

Remember: SAWN lumber is ROUGH and imperfect → lower c = 0.8. GLULAM is GLUED and precise → higher c = 0.90. Memory trick: 'Rough Sawn = 0.8 = ate (eight in Filipino English slang for older sister — rough, tough).' 'Glam Glulam = 0.90 = ninety percent glam = more perfect.' Or simply: G for Glulam, G is the 7th letter — closer to 0.90 (90 = 9 × 10, both higher numbers than 8).

Anchor Type

mnemonic

Why It Works

Pairing quality (rough vs. glam) with the numerical values creates a semantic link. The Filipino slang 'ate' for 0.8 adds cultural humor and stickiness.

Example Usage

Problem says 'sawn lumber column' → use c = 0.8 in C_P formula. Problem says 'glulam' → use c = 0.90.

Recall Trigger

Rough sawn = 0.8; Glam glulam = 0.90

Topic

Shear Stress Check

Concept

Shear parallel to grain often governs for short, deep timber beams

Anchor Id

A11

Difficulty

medium

Memory Aid

Picture a short, stocky barangay captain (short, deep beam) — he rarely bends (bending is not the issue), but under heavy community pressure (large shear near supports), he SPLITS along the grain — horizontally. In contrast, a tall, slender timber (like a basketball player beam) bends gracefully but rarely splits horizontally. The lesson: SHORT + DEEP = shear governs. LONG + SLENDER = bending governs. Always check BOTH, but know which to suspect first.

Anchor Type

micro_story

Why It Works

The barangay captain vs. basketball player analogy is culturally vivid and maps directly to the geometry-governed behavior of timber beams.

Example Usage

If a problem gives a short, heavily loaded beam near the support, immediately suspect shear. Compute f_v = 3V/2A and compare to F'_v before celebrating with bending.

Recall Trigger

Barangay captain (short-deep) → shear governs; basketball player (tall-slender) → bending governs

Topic

Adjustment Factors

Concept

C_r (Repetitive Member Factor) — bending only, value ≈ 1.15

Anchor Id

A12

Difficulty

medium

Memory Aid

A single katig (outrigger) on a bangka is isolated — it carries its load alone. But three katig spaced closely together share the load through the hull; each individual katig is more reliable because others can redistribute. This is C_r = 1.15: when three or more members are spaced ≤ 600 mm apart (floor joists, rafters), the bending allowable increases by 15% because load sharing kicks in. It applies ONLY to bending — shear and compression don't get this bonus.

Anchor Type

analogy

Why It Works

The bangka (Filipino outrigger canoe) analogy is culturally specific and structurally analogous to repetitive-member floor systems. The 'load-sharing' concept is intuitive.

Example Usage

Problem: floor joists at 400 mm on-center, 3 or more joists → apply C_r = 1.15 to F'_b only. Do NOT apply to F'_v or F'_c.

Recall Trigger

Three katig sharing load = C_r = 1.15, bending only, spacing ≤ 600 mm

Topic

Bending Adjustment Factors

Concept

C_L (Beam Stability) vs C_F (Size Factor) — use smaller controlling value

Anchor Id

A13

Difficulty

hard

Memory Aid

Two strict teachers, Ms. Lateral (C_L) and Mr. Size (C_F), both give a student a grade reduction. The school rule is: take the HARSHER grade — whichever is lower controls. If Ms. Lateral gives 0.95 and Mr. Size gives 0.85, the student's final grade is 0.85 — Mr. Size wins. In NSCP, C_L and C_F are not simply multiplied together for sawn lumber bending — the more restrictive (lower) value governs the design.

Anchor Type

micro_story

Why It Works

The 'two strict teachers' story creates a decision-rule narrative. The exam often trips students who blindly multiply all factors without knowing this exception.

Example Usage

If C_L = 0.95 and C_F = 0.85, use C_F = 0.85 (not 0.95 × 0.85 = 0.81) in the F'_b calculation for sawn lumber.

Recall Trigger

Two strict teachers — apply the LOWER of C_L and C_F for bending

Topic

ASD Framework

Concept

ASD vs LRFD — wood uses ASD (Allowable Stress Design)

Anchor Id

A14

Difficulty

easy

Memory Aid

Remember: 'Wood is OLD school — ASD!' Steel and concrete went modern (LRFD/strength design), but timber design in NSCP 2015 Chapter 6 stays with Allowable Stress Design. The mnemonic: 'Ancient Stressed Dendrophytes' = ASD for wood (dendrophyte = tree lover). In ASD: actual stress f ≤ allowable F'. Never apply LRFD load factors (1.2D + 1.6L) to a timber ASD check — that's a classic exam pitfall.

Anchor Type

mnemonic

Why It Works

Contrasting wood's ASD with concrete/steel LRFD sets a clear boundary in the student's mind, preventing formula mixing under exam pressure.

Example Usage

When a mixed problem has timber and steel, use ASD (unfactored D+L) for the timber check and LRFD (1.2D+1.6L) for the steel member check separately.

Recall Trigger

Wood = ASD = Ancient Stressed Dendrophytes; check f ≤ F', NOT factored loads

Topic

Bending Stress Check

Concept

Section modulus S = bh²/6 for rectangular sections

Anchor Id

A15

Difficulty

easy

Memory Aid

Rap it: 'B-H-squared over six — that's your S, no other tricks! Width times height-squared, then divide by six, find the section modulus — that's the fix!' The key insight: h is SQUARED, not b — make the beam DEEP (increase h) to dramatically increase S. Doubling h quadruples S; doubling b only doubles S. That's why timber beams are always oriented with the longer dimension vertical.

Anchor Type

rhyme

Why It Works

The rap mnemonic makes the formula phonetically memorable. The design insight (h squared effect) adds conceptual understanding beyond rote memorization.

Example Usage

100×300 mm beam (b=100, h=300): S = 100(300²)/6 = 100(90,000)/6 = 1,500,000 mm³ = 1.5×10⁶ mm³.

Recall Trigger

'B-H-squared over six' rap → S = bh²/6; h squared means depth dominates

Topic

Column Compression

Concept

Effective length ℓ_e and slenderness ratio ℓ_e/d for timber columns

Anchor Id

A16

Difficulty

medium

Memory Aid

Think of ℓ_e/d as the SLIMNESS RATIO of a model — the taller and thinner, the wobblier. For timber, d is the least cross-section dimension (not the radius of gyration as in steel). Maximum practical slenderness ℓ_e/d = 50 for sawn lumber (some references). For a 150×150 column: d = 150 mm regardless of axis (square). For a 100×200 column: use d = 100 mm (the weak axis, least dimension). Always use the SMALLEST d to find the CRITICAL (highest) slenderness.

Anchor Type

analogy

Why It Works

The fashion model analogy is memorable and the 'use least d = worst case' rule is a key exam trap that this analogy prevents.

Example Usage

150×200 mm column with ℓ_e = 3.0 m: use d = 150 mm (least dimension) → ℓ_e/d = 3000/150 = 20.

Recall Trigger

Slimmest dimension = most critical; use least d for ℓ_e/d

Topic

Column Compression

Concept

F*_c = F_c × all C factors EXCEPT C_P

Anchor Id

A17

Difficulty

medium

Memory Aid

Picture a timber column with a star (*) stamped on it — like a star student who has passed ALL the adjustment tests EXCEPT the final slenderness/buckling exam (C_P). F*_c is the intermediate result — the column's adjusted capacity before the buckling check is applied. Then C_P reduces it further. The star (*) literally means 'C_P not yet included.' When you see F*_c in a problem or formula, remember: NO C_P yet — it comes next.

Anchor Type

visual_association

Why It Works

The star symbol (*) is already in the notation — linking it to a 'star student awaiting the last exam' creates a memorable visual hook tied directly to the mathematical notation.

Example Usage

F_c = 10 MPa, C_D = 1.0, C_M = 1.0, C_t = 1.0, C_F = 1.0 → F*_c = 10 MPa. Then apply C_P = 0.781 → F'_c = 7.81 MPa.

Recall Trigger

Star (*) = all factors EXCEPT C_P; C_P comes after

Topic

Adjustment Factors

Concept

C_M (Wet Service Factor) — reduces reference values when moisture > 19% for sawn lumber

Anchor Id

A18

Difficulty

medium

Memory Aid

During typhoon season in the province, Lola Caring's narra kitchen shelf is always wet from roof leaks. Engineer nieto notices it has sagged more than the dry shelf in the sala. Wet wood is WEAKER — moisture breaks down the hydrogen bonds in the wood fibers. C_M < 1.0 when in service moisture content exceeds 19% (sawn lumber). In Lola Caring's kitchen (wet exposure), all F values must be multiplied by C_M — some values drop to as low as 0.67.

Anchor Type

micro_story

Why It Works

The relatable Filipino household scenario (typhoon, lola's kitchen, roof leaks) creates an emotional memory that ties moisture content to reduced capacity in a concrete, personal way.

Example Usage

Problem states timber used in a wet environment or submerged → apply C_M values (e.g., C_M = 0.85 for F_b) to all reference design values before other calculations.

Recall Trigger

Lola's wet kitchen shelf → C_M < 1.0 when moisture > 19%

Topic

ASD Framework

Concept

The three main stress checks in timber design: bending, shear, compression

Anchor Id

A19

Difficulty

easy

Memory Aid

Remember BSC: 'Build Strong Columns!' B = Bending (f_b = M/S ≤ F'_b), S = Shear (f_v = 3V/2A ≤ F'_v), C = Compression (f_c = P/A ≤ F'_c). These are the THREE fundamental checks every timber member must pass. In an exam, always ask: Is it a BEAM? → Check B and S. Is it a COLUMN? → Check C (with C_P). Is it a BEAM-COLUMN? → Check all three and interaction.

Anchor Type

acronym

Why It Works

BSC is a minimal, memorable acronym with an actionable phrase. The routing logic (beam → B+S, column → C) converts it into a decision algorithm for exam use.

Example Usage

Exam gives a simply supported timber beam under uniform load: check B (compute M_max = wL²/8, then f_b) and S (compute V_max = wL/2, then f_v). Both must be ≤ their respective F'.

Recall Trigger

Build Strong Columns → B (bending), S (shear), C (compression)

Topic

Load Duration Factor C_D

Concept

Impact load has the highest C_D = 2.0 — wood doubles its allowable for instantaneous loads

Anchor Id

A20

Difficulty

easy

Memory Aid

Visualize a HAMMER BLOW on a wooden block — it takes the hit but doesn't break, even though a slow sustained load of the same magnitude would crush it over months. Wood is viscoelastic: under impact, the load is gone before the fibers can creep and fail. C_D = 2.0 means: for impact, wood is allowed twice the stress it would handle permanently. Picture a 'x2 COMBO' bonus in a Filipino video game — impact gives wood its highest power-up.

Anchor Type

visual_association

Why It Works

The video game 'x2 COMBO' is culturally familiar to Filipino reviewees and maps perfectly to C_D = 2.0. The physics intuition (viscoelastic behavior) adds depth.

Example Usage

Problem says 'impact load from dropped equipment' → use C_D = 2.0. F'_b = F_b × 2.0 × (other C factors). This is the maximum C_D — no load has a higher value.

Recall Trigger

x2 COMBO = impact = C_D = 2.0 (highest possible)

Revision Game

F_cE = 0.822 E'_min / (ℓ_e/d)² — Critical Euler buckling stress for timber columns

Clue

I am the timber version of Euler's buckling formula. I use 0.822 instead of π². What am I?

Memory Link

A8 — Metro Manila area code 8-2-2 = 0.822

The effective depth drops from d to d_n (net depth at notch), increasing shear stress — use d_n, not d, at a notched support.

Clue

A carpenter notches a beam at its support. Why does Engineer Reyes panic? What changes in the shear formula?

Memory Link

A6 — Mang Jose's notch story

C_r (Repetitive Member Factor) = 1.15, applied to F'_b only when 3 or more members are spaced ≤ 600 mm apart.

Clue

A timber joist is one of 6 joists spaced at 400 mm on center. Which adjustment factor rewards this arrangement, and what is its typical value?

Memory Link

A12 — Three katig on the bangka sharing load

C_D = 2.0 for impact — wood can handle double its long-term stress for a split second because the load is gone before creep and fiber failure can occur.

Clue

An impact load (e.g., a dropped precast panel) hits a timber floor. What C_D do you use, and why is it the highest possible value?

Memory Link

A20 — x2 COMBO in a Filipino video game

C_P — the Column Stability Factor. F'_c = F*_c × C_P.

Clue

I separate star-c from final-allowable-c in column design. I penalize slender columns. I range from near 1 (stocky) to near 0 (slender). Who am I?

Memory Link

A7 — Bamboo confidence rating; A9 — Traffic light dimmer

Shear (f_v = 3V/2A) governs short, deep beams. The high shear force near supports combined with small span length makes horizontal shear critical.

Clue

Your timber beam is very short and very deep — like a stubby, stocky barangay official. Which stress check most likely governs?

Memory Link

A11 — Barangay captain vs. basketball player analogy

Use C_F = 0.85 (the lower, more restrictive value). For sawn lumber bending, C_L and C_F are NOT simply multiplied together — the governing (lower) value applies.

Clue

Two teachers give separate penalties: Ms. Lateral (C_L = 0.95) and Mr. Size (C_F = 0.85). What value do you use in the bending allowable calculation for sawn lumber?

Memory Link

A13 — Two strict teachers: take the harsher grade

Permanently (0.9), Old/Ordinary-10yr (1.0), Teachers/Two-month (1.15), Lived/Last-7-days (1.25), Well/Wind (1.6), In = Impact (2.0).

Clue

Fill in the blanks: 'Permanently Old Teachers Lived Well In _____' — and give the corresponding C_D values.

Memory Link

A3 — 'Permanently Old Teachers Lived Well, Indeed' mnemonic

S_req = minimum required section modulus (mm³). A_req = minimum required cross-sectional area (mm²). M, P = applied moment or load. F'_b, F'_c = adjusted allowable stresses (already computed with all C factors).

Do NOT forget to apply C factors — bare F_b is never the allowable
Do NOT use wrong C_D — match it to the load duration given
Do NOT use 3V/2A for non-rectangular sections (use VQ/Ib instead)
Do NOT use full depth d at a notched support — use d_n
Do NOT multiply C_L and C_F both for sawn lumber — use the lower one
Do NOT mix LRFD load factors with ASD timber check
Do NOT use b for least dimension in ℓ_e/d if h < b — always use least d

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CELE Steel & Timber Design — Timber DesignMemory Anchors

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Timber Design - Memory Anchors

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