CELE Hydraulics & Fluid Mechanics — Orifices, Weirs, Tubes and NozzlesSlides
The slide format strips Orifices, Weirs, Tubes and Nozzles to the visuals that CELE reviewers remember best. Professional Regulation Commission (PRC) — Board of Civil Engineering's 2026 Hydraulics & Fluid Mechanics papers reward reviewers who recognise the structure of a concept before they parse the item text; these slides train that recognition.
Exam context
For the Civil Engineer Licensure Examination, Professional Regulation Commission (PRC) — Board of Civil Engineering tests Hydraulics & Fluid Mechanics under a "Core" label, with Orifices, Weirs, Tubes and Nozzles in the 8th slot across 10 chapters. CELE candidates must clear the 70% weighted average, no sub-test below 50% cut on the 2026 paper, which draws about a meaningful share of Hydraulics & Fluid Mechanics questions. Date to watch: May and November 2026.
Orifices, Weirs, Tubes and Nozzles - Slides
Slides
Chapter Overview: Orifices, Weirs, Tubes and Nozzles
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Torricelli's Theorem and Ideal Velocity
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Coefficient of Velocity (Cv) and Coefficient of Contraction (Cc)
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Orifice Discharge Formula: Q = Cd·A·√(2gh)
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Worked Example 1: Sharp-Edged Orifice under Constant Head
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Submerged Orifices and Special Cases
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Rectangular Weir Formula: Q = (2/3)·Cd·√(2g)·L·H^(3/2)
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Worked Example 2: Rectangular Weir Discharge
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Triangular (V-Notch) Weir Formula: Q = (8/15)·Cd·√(2g)·tan(θ/2)·H^(5/2)
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Worked Example 3: Triangular V-Notch Weir Discharge
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Comparison: Rectangular vs. Triangular Weirs
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Time to Empty a Tank: Fundamental Concept
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Worked Example 4: Time to Empty a Tank
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Effect of End Contractions on Weir Length (Francis Formula)
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Tubes and Nozzles: Discharge Coefficient Variations
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Key Formulas Summary and Exam Checklist
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Common Board Exam Pitfalls and Mistake Prevention
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Board Exam Problem Set: Multiple Practice Scenarios
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Solutions to Practice Problems (Part 1: Orifices and Rectangular Weir)
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Solutions to Practice Problems (Part 2: Triangular Weir, Tank Drainage, and Tubes)
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Summary of Learning Outcomes and Chapter Mastery Checklist
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Final Review and Exam Day Tips
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