CELE Construction Management & Methods — Contracts, Specifications, Ethics and CE LawConcept Map

Concept

Contract Types & Management

Sub Concepts

• Lump-Sum (Fixed Price)
• Unit-Price
• Cost-Plus
• Key Clauses (Retention, LD, Bonds)
• Change Orders & Variations

Relationship To Central

Defines how projects are procured and compensated

Concept

Specifications & Technical Requirements

Sub Concepts

• General Specifications
• Technical Specifications
• Order of Precedence
• Conflict Resolution

Relationship To Central

Establishes quality and workmanship standards

Concept

Philippine Laws & Codes

Sub Concepts

• RA 544 (Civil Engineering Law)
• RA 1582 (Amendment to RA 544)
• PD 1096 (National Building Code)
• NSCP 2015 (Structural Design)
• DOLE D.O. 13 (Construction OSH)
• RA 9184 (Government Procurement)

Relationship To Central

Legal framework governing CE practice and projects

Concept

Engineering Ethics & Professional Conduct

Sub Concepts

• Public Safety Paramount
• Competence & Scope
• Honesty & Integrity
• Confidentiality
• Conflict of Interest
• Fair Dealing

Relationship To Central

Governs ethical obligations and professional behavior

Concept

Computational Applications

Sub Concepts

• Retention Calculations
• Liquidated Damages
• Contract Cost Analysis

Relationship To Central

Quantifiable contract and project management calculations

To

Contractor Risk

From

Lump-Sum Contract

Strength

strong

Relationship

Contractor bears all quantity risk; paid fixed amount regardless of actual quantities

To

Uncertain Quantities

From

Unit-Price Contract

Strength

strong

Relationship

Used when quantities cannot be accurately predicted; payment = unit rate × measured quantity

To

Undefined Scope

From

Cost-Plus Contract

Strength

strong

Relationship

Applied when scope is unclear or evolving; owner reimburses costs plus contractor fee

To

Performance Security

From

Retention Clause

Strength

strong

Relationship

Percentage of progress billings withheld to ensure contractor completion and compliance

To

Delay Penalty

From

Liquidated Damages

Strength

strong

Relationship

Fixed daily rate applied for each day of project delay beyond scheduled completion

To

Order of Precedence

From

Specifications

Strength

strong

Relationship

In document conflicts, specifications typically govern over drawings for work quality

To

CE Licensure Requirement

From

RA 544 Civil Engineering Law

Strength

strong

Relationship

Defines who may practice CE; only licensed CEs may sign official CE documents

To

Occupancy & Fire Safety

From

PD 1096 Building Code

Strength

strong

Relationship

Governs building classification, occupancy limits, egress, and fire protection requirements

To

Structural Design Standards

From

NSCP 2015

Strength

strong

Relationship

Philippine structural design code; used for load analysis and member design per PSAD requirements

To

Construction Site Safety

From

DOLE D.O. 13

Strength

strong

Relationship

Occupational safety and health standards specific to construction; site manager/CE responsibility

To

Public Project Bidding

From

RA 9184 Procurement

Strength

moderate

Relationship

Mandates competitive bidding and transparency for government-funded projects

To

Public Safety Paramount

From

Engineering Ethics

Strength

strong

Relationship

Core principle: engineer's first obligation is to public health, safety, and welfare over client or personal interest

To

Competence & Scope

From

Engineering Ethics

Strength

strong

Relationship

Engineer must work only within area of expertise; must disclose limitations

To

Conflict of Interest

From

Engineering Ethics

Strength

strong

Relationship

Must avoid dual roles (e.g., contractor and consultant); must disclose all potential conflicts

To

Contract Administration

From

Retention

Strength

moderate

Relationship

Calculated as percentage of contract value; affects cash flow and financial planning

To

Contract Administration

From

Liquidated Damages

Strength

moderate

Relationship

Applied for project delays; typically a small % of contract per day; deducted from payments

To

Specifications Conflicts

From

Change Orders

Strength

moderate

Relationship

Used to document scope changes when original specifications require modification or clarification

To

Project Management

From

General Specifications

Strength

moderate

Relationship

Administrative requirements for contract execution, reporting, approvals, and project organization

To

Materials & Workmanship

From

Technical Specifications

Strength

strong

Relationship

Defines material standards, quality requirements, testing procedures, and performance criteria

To

Professional Practice

From

RA 544

Strength

strong

Relationship

Legal foundation for CE practice in Philippines; amended by RA 1582 for modern practice