BJMP Entrance Exam Analytical Ability — Logical ReasoningCheat Sheet
Cheat sheet for BJMP Entrance Exam Analytical Ability — Logical Reasoning. Compact, printable, and organised around the concepts Bureau of Jail Management and Penology (BJMP) tests most frequently in the BJMP Entrance Exam 2026. Perfect for the week before exam day.
Exam context
For the Bureau of Jail Management and Penology Entrance Examination, Bureau of Jail Management and Penology (BJMP) tests Analytical Ability under a "Core" label, with Logical Reasoning in the 7th slot across 7 chapters. BJMP Entrance Exam candidates must clear the BJMP-set percentile cut on the 2026 paper, which draws about a meaningful share of Analytical Ability questions. Date to watch: Announced by BJMP per cycle.
Logical Reasoning - Cheat sheet
Your last-minute revision companion for mastering logical reasoning concepts essential for CSE exams
Sections
Section Title
Basic Logical Reasoning Concepts
Important Facts
- Arguments consist of premises + conclusion
- Valid arguments have true conclusions if premises are true
- Premises must logically support the conclusion
- Assumptions are unstated but necessary premises
Key Definitions
Term
Logic
Example
Determining if 'All dogs bark, Spot is a dog, therefore Spot barks' is valid
Definition
Study of correct vs incorrect reasoning
Term
Argument
Example
Scientists are brilliant; Jet is a scientist; Therefore, Jet is brilliant
Definition
Sequence of statements where one is supported by others (Premises + Conclusion)
Term
Premise
Example
All cats are mammals (supporting the conclusion about Felix)
Definition
Statement that provides reason for accepting the conclusion
Term
Conclusion
Example
Therefore, Jet is brilliant (drawn from the premises about scientists)
Definition
Statement that is established by the premises
Term
Assumption
Example
Hidden premise that connects stated premises to conclusion
Definition
Unstated premise in the argument
Diagrams To Know
- Venn diagrams for categorical statements
- Flowcharts for conditional reasoning
- Linear diagrams for ordering problems
Section Title
Types of Reasoning
Important Facts
- Deductive: If premises true, conclusion must be true
- Deductive: Uses 'valid' or 'invalid' terminology
- Inductive: Conclusion is probably supported by premises
- Inductive: Uses terms like 'probably', 'likely', 'possibly'
- Inductive arguments can become stronger/weaker with additional premises
Key Definitions
Term
Deductive Reasoning
Example
All zombies crave flesh; Anne is zombie; Therefore Anne craves flesh
Definition
Starts with general statement to reach specific conclusion (top-down approach)
Term
Inductive Reasoning
Example
Most shelter dogs are happy; Max is shelter dog; Therefore Max is probably happy
Definition
Starts from specific observations to broad generalizations (bottom-up approach)
Diagrams To Know
- Top-down flow for deductive reasoning
- Bottom-up flow for inductive reasoning
Formulas
Formula
If A is B, and B is C, then A is C
Meaning
A=major term, B=middle term, C=minor term
Watch Out
Middle term must appear in both premises but NOT in conclusion
When To Use
When connecting two categorical statements
Section Title
Syllogisms
Important Facts
- Major term: appears in premise and is predicate of conclusion
- Minor term: appears in premise and is subject of conclusion
- Middle term: appears in both premises, NOT in conclusion
- Disjunctive options must be mutually exclusive
- Conditional syllogisms follow if-then logic patterns
Key Definitions
Term
Categorical Syllogism
Example
All dogs bark; Sparky is dog; Therefore Sparky barks
Definition
Argument with two premises connecting major and minor terms through middle term
Term
Disjunctive Syllogism
Example
Donut is glazed or filled; Not filled; Therefore glazed
Definition
Either/or argument where one option is eliminated
Term
Conditional Syllogism
Example
If rain, then wet; It's raining; Therefore wet
Definition
If-then argument with conditional premises
Diagrams To Know
- Syllogism structure diagrams
- Venn diagrams for categorical syllogisms
Reactions Or Equations
Note
Valid form of conditional reasoning
Equation
If A then B; A is true; Therefore B is true
Conditions
Modus Ponens - affirming the antecedent
Note
Valid form of conditional reasoning
Equation
If A then B; B is false; Therefore A is false
Conditions
Modus Tollens - denying the consequent
Section Title
Venn Diagrams
Important Facts
- 'All A are B' - circle A completely inside circle B
- 'Some A are B' - circles A and B overlap partially
- 'No A are B' - circles A and B are completely separate
- Can combine multiple statements in single diagram
- Use overlapping regions to find valid inferences
Key Definitions
Term
Universal Statement (All)
Example
All Filipinos are Asians - Filipino circle inside Asian circle
Definition
Complete inclusion - entire first set inside second set
Term
Particular Statement (Some)
Example
Some women are doctors - overlapping circles
Definition
Partial inclusion - sets overlap but neither completely contains the other
Term
Negative Statement (No)
Example
No fish are mammals - separate circles
Definition
Complete exclusion - sets do not overlap at all
Diagrams To Know
- All statements - nested circles
- Some statements - overlapping circles
- No statements - separate circles
- Combined statement diagrams
Section Title
Ordering and Sequencing
Important Facts
- Draw linear diagrams for ordering problems
- Start with most definitive relationships first
- Use symbols like > < to show relationships
- Check consistency of all given relationships
- Identify who is first, last, middle positions
Key Definitions
Term
Linear Ordering
Example
A is taller than B, B taller than C, arrange by height
Definition
Arranging items in single line based on given relationships
Term
Relative Position
Example
Juan is between Maria and Pedro in line
Definition
Position of item compared to others using comparative relationships
Diagrams To Know
- Linear arrangement diagrams
- Relationship mapping charts
Section Title
Problem-Solving Strategies
Important Facts
- Working backwards: reverse all operations
- Organized lists help with multiple conditions
- Diagrams clarify complex spatial/temporal relationships
- Always verify solution against all given conditions
- Choose strategy based on problem type
Key Definitions
Term
Working Backwards
Example
Virgilio has P3232 left after series of transactions, find initial amount
Definition
Start from final result and reverse operations to find initial value
Term
Organized List
Example
List all two-digit numbers with digit sum 15, eliminate by other conditions
Definition
Systematic enumeration and elimination of possibilities
Term
Diagram Method
Example
Draw distance-time diagram for meeting problems
Definition
Visual representation to map relationships and solve complex problems
Diagrams To Know
- Backwards flow charts
- Elimination tables
- Distance-time diagrams
Must Remember
- Deductive reasoning: general to specific, must be valid if premises true
- Inductive reasoning: specific to general, conclusions are probable
- Syllogism structure: major term (predicate), minor term (subject), middle term (connector)
- Venn diagrams: All = nested circles, Some = overlapping, No = separate
- Working backwards: reverse all operations from final result
- Conditional syllogisms: If A then B; affirm antecedent or deny consequent
- Middle term appears in both premises but NOT in conclusion
- Arguments = premises + conclusion; check if conclusion logically follows
- Linear ordering: draw diagrams, start with most definitive relationships
- Always verify solutions against ALL given conditions
Last Minute Tips
- For syllogisms, identify the three terms first: major, minor, middle
- In Venn diagrams, 'All A are B' means circle A goes INSIDE circle B
- For ordering problems, draw a line and place items step by step
- Watch for key words: 'all' vs 'some' vs 'no' change diagram structure completely
- In conditional statements, you can only conclude if antecedent is affirmed or consequent is denied
Comparison Tables
Rows
Values
- General to specific
- Specific to general
Property
Direction
Values
- Top-down
- Bottom-up
Property
Approach
Values
- Certain if premises true
- Probable conclusion
Property
Certainty
Values
- Valid/Invalid
- Probably/Likely/Possibly
Property
Terminology
Values
- Fixed validity
- Can strengthen/weaken
Property
Strength
Columns
- Aspect
- Deductive
- Inductive
Table Title
Deductive vs Inductive Reasoning
Rows
Values
- A is B, B is C, so A is C
- All dogs bark; Spot is dog; So Spot barks
Property
Categorical
Values
- A is B or C, A is not C, so A is B
- Donut glazed or filled; Not filled; So glazed
Property
Disjunctive
Values
- If A then B, A true, so B true
- If rain then wet; Raining; So wet
Property
Conditional
Columns
- Type
- Structure
- Example
Table Title
Types of Syllogisms
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