Anxiety, Obsessive-Compulsive, and Trauma-Related Disorders - Concept Map
Anxiety Spectrum Disorders and Related Conditions
Related concepts
Understanding Anxiety
Sub concepts
- Anxiety vs. Fear distinction
- Anxiety continuum (mild, moderate, severe, panic)
- Defense mechanisms
- Perceptual field narrowing
- Physiological and psychological responses
Relationship to central
Foundation for all anxiety-spectrum disorders; defines anxiety levels and mechanisms
Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)
Sub concepts
- Diagnostic criteria (6+ months excessive worry)
- Associated symptoms (restlessness, fatigue, concentration difficulty)
- Nursing assessment and management
- Relaxation techniques and CBT
- Environmental modifications
Relationship to central
Primary anxiety disorder characterized by excessive, uncontrollable worry
Panic Disorder
Sub concepts
- Panic attack presentation and duration
- Physical symptoms mimicking cardiac events
- Agoraphobia as complication
- Emergency nursing interventions
- Crisis management strategies
Relationship to central
Severe anxiety manifestation with sudden, intense panic attacks
Phobic Disorders
Sub concepts
- Specific phobia
- Social anxiety disorder (social phobia)
- Agoraphobia
- Systematic desensitization treatment
- Exposure hierarchy and flooding
Relationship to central
Persistent, irrational fears leading to avoidance behaviors
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)
Sub concepts
- Obsessions definition and characteristics
- Compulsions and rituals
- Common presentations (contamination, checking, doubt)
- Key nursing principle: allow ritual time initially
- Gradual response prevention and exposure therapy
- Time-limiting rituals appropriately
Relationship to central
Disorder combining intrusive thoughts and repetitive behaviors to reduce anxiety
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
Sub concepts
- Trauma exposure criteria
- Intrusion symptoms (flashbacks, nightmares)
- Avoidance behaviors
- Negative mood and cognition alterations
- Hyperarousal manifestations
- Differentiation from Acute Stress Disorder
- Philippine context and RA 11036
Relationship to central
Severe stress reaction following trauma exposure lasting >1 month
Acute Stress Disorder
Sub concepts
- Similar symptom clusters to PTSD
- Timeframe distinction
- Progression to PTSD if symptoms persist
- Early intervention importance
Relationship to central
Trauma response occurring within 3 days to 1 month; precursor to PTSD
Dissociative Disorders
Sub concepts
- Dissociative amnesia
- Dissociative fugue
- Dissociative identity disorder
- Depersonalization/derealization disorder
- Safety as primary nursing concern
- Trust-building strategies
Relationship to central
Disruption of consciousness, memory, identity in response to overwhelming trauma
Pharmacological Interventions
Sub concepts
- Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs)
- Benzodiazepines
- Buspirone
- Adverse effects and monitoring
- Drug interactions and contraindications
- Patient teaching and adherence
Relationship to central
Medication management supporting therapy for anxiety and trauma disorders
SSRIs: First-Line Pharmacotherapy
Sub concepts
- Examples: fluoxetine, sertraline, paroxetine, escitalopram, fluvoxamine
- 2-4 week therapeutic onset
- Common early side effects (nausea, insomnia, sexual dysfunction)
- Discontinuation syndrome prevention
- Serotonin syndrome risk
- Suicidal ideation monitoring in young adults
- MAOI washout periods
Relationship to central
Gold standard medication for most anxiety, OCD, PTSD disorders
Benzodiazepines: Short-Term Anxiety Relief
Sub concepts
- Examples: lorazepam, diazepam, alprazolam, clonazepam
- Rapid onset and CNS depression
- Fall and safety risks
- Dependence, tolerance, withdrawal potential
- Tapered discontinuation mandatory
- Withdrawal seizure risk
- Flumazenil as reversal agent
- Alcohol and CNS depressant interactions
Relationship to central
Rapid-acting agents for acute anxiety and panic; dependence risk with prolonged use
Nursing Management Principles
Sub concepts
- Therapeutic nurse-patient relationship
- Anxiety level assessment and response adaptation
- Environmental modifications
- Safety prioritization
- Trust and acceptance communication
- Grounding and relaxation techniques
- Psychoeducation and coping skills
- Suicide and self-harm risk assessment
Relationship to central
Core interventions applied across all anxiety and trauma disorders
Philippine Legal and Ethical Framework
Sub concepts
- Republic Act 11036 (Mental Health Act)
- Client rights to humane, non-discriminatory care
- Community-based mental health services
- Informed consent requirements
- RA 9173 (Philippine Nursing Act)
- Disaster and trauma response obligations
Relationship to central
Regulatory and rights-based context for nursing practice in mental health
Concept connections
- Anxiety ContinuumNursing InterventionsSeverity level determines what nursing actions are appropriate; teaching is contraindicated in severe anxiety/panic
- Generalized Anxiety DisorderSSRI PharmacotherapySSRIs are first-line medication treatment for GAD, providing sustained anxiety reduction
- Panic DisorderPanic Attack InterventionsSpecific nursing protocols apply during acute panic episodes: stay present, slow breathing, reduce stimulation
- Panic Attack InterventionsBenzodiazepinesBenzodiazepines provide rapid relief during acute panic but are only for short-term use
- Phobic DisordersSystematic DesensitizationPrimary behavioral treatment: gradual exposure to feared stimulus paired with relaxation techniques
- Obsessive-Compulsive DisorderRitual ManagementCore nursing principle: do NOT abruptly interrupt rituals; allow time and gradually set limits as client improves
- OCD RitualsResponse PreventionBehavioral therapy technique: gradually prevent client from performing compulsions while managing resulting anxiety
- Post-Traumatic Stress DisorderTrust and SafetyFoundation of PTSD nursing care; client must feel safe before processing trauma or learning coping skills
- PTSD HyperarousalGrounding TechniquesNursing intervention for flashbacks and dissociative episodes; helps client stay present and oriented
- PTSDSuicide Risk AssessmentDepression, hopelessness, and substance use frequently accompany PTSD; suicide risk screening is mandatory
- Acute Stress DisorderPTSDASD occurs within 1 month of trauma; if symptoms persist beyond 1 month, diagnosis becomes PTSD
- Dissociative DisordersTrauma ResponseDissociation is an unconscious ego defense mechanism against overwhelming trauma and anxiety
- Dissociative DisordersSafety PriorityClients with dissociative disorders have high risk for self-harm; safety assessment is first nursing action
- SSRIs2-4 Week OnsetSSRIs require 2-4 weeks for therapeutic effect; early side effects may occur before benefit is felt
- SSRIsSerotonin SyndromeSerious drug interaction risk when combined with MAOIs, triptans, tramadol, or St. John's Wort
- BenzodiazepinesDependence RiskBenzodiazepines carry high risk of tolerance, physical dependence, and withdrawal seizures with regular use
- BenzodiazepinesCNS DepressionAdditive effects with alcohol and other CNS depressants can cause respiratory depression and death
- Benzodiazepine DiscontinuationTapered WithdrawalMust taper gradually to prevent rebound anxiety, tremors, and potentially fatal withdrawal seizures
- Defense MechanismsAnxiety ManagementUnconscious mechanisms (repression, denial, displacement) help manage anxiety but become maladaptive when overused
- Perceptual Field NarrowingClient TeachingAs anxiety increases, perceptual field narrows; teaching effectiveness decreases and must be deferred
- Philippine Mental Health ActNursing Care ApproachRA 11036 mandates humane, non-discriminatory, community-based mental health care and informed consent
- OCDSSRI PharmacotherapySSRIs (especially fluoxetine, sertraline, fluvoxamine) are first-line medication for OCD in addition to behavioral therapy
- PTSDTrauma-Focused CBTCognitive-behavioral therapy is evidence-based treatment; helps process trauma memories and modify unhelpful thoughts
- PTSDEye Movement DesensitizationAlternative evidence-based therapy for PTSD; uses bilateral eye movements during trauma processing
- Early Side Effects SSRIsSexual DysfunctionSexual side effects are common with SSRIs and a major reason for medication nonadherence; must be discussed openly
- Young Adults SSRIsSuicidal IdeationIncreased suicide risk in adolescents and young adults during first weeks of SSRI use as energy improves before mood
- Relaxation TechniquesAnxiety ReductionDeep breathing, progressive muscle relaxation, and guided imagery are core nursing interventions for all anxiety disorders
- Cognitive-Behavioral TherapyAnxiety DisordersCBT is gold standard psychotherapy for anxiety, panic, phobias, and OCD; addresses thoughts and behaviors
Diagrams
Anxiety, Obsessive-Compulsive, and Trauma-Related Disorders: Complete Concept Hierarchy
Comprehensive mind map showing the hierarchical relationships between all major concepts in anxiety, obsessive-compulsive, and trauma-related disorders. This map organizes content from foundational understanding of anxiety through specific disorder types, pharmacotherapy, nursing management, and the Philippine legal framework governing mental health practice.
Anxiety Level Assessment and Nursing Response Decision Tree
Decision tree for assessing client anxiety levels and adapting nursing interventions accordingly. This flowchart emphasizes the critical principle that teaching and information processing must be matched to the client's anxiety level, with panic requiring immediate safety and stabilization measures before any educational content.
Panic Attack: Immediate Nursing Interventions Protocol
Step-by-step protocol for nursing response during an acute panic attack. Emphasizes the cardinal principles of remaining present, using calm communication, implementing breathing control, and deferring any teaching or problem-solving until after the panic episode resolves. This is a high-yield NLE concept.
OCD Nursing Management: Ritual and Exposure Progression
Comprehensive flowchart showing the nursing management approach to OCD, emphasizing the critical principle that rituals must NOT be abruptly interrupted early in treatment. The diagram shows the progression from assessment and ritual allowance through gradual limit-setting and exposure therapy. This incorporates response prevention and cognitive-behavioral techniques central to OCD treatment.
PTSD vs. Acute Stress Disorder: Differentiation and Nursing Response
Differentiation flowchart between Acute Stress Disorder (early trauma response, within 1 month) and PTSD (chronic response, after 1 month). Shows the common symptom clusters across both conditions and nursing management priorities emphasizing trust-building, safety, and comprehensive assessment for comorbidities including suicide risk. Incorporates Philippine disaster mental health context under RA 11036.
SSRI Pharmacotherapy: Initiation, Monitoring, and Patient Teaching
Comprehensive flowchart for SSRI initiation and management, highlighting the critical teaching point that SSRIs take 2-4 weeks for therapeutic effect, requiring patient adherence and expectation management. Shows early side effects (especially sexual dysfunction), the need for suicide risk monitoring in young adults, serotonin syndrome risks with combination drugs, and the mandatory tapered discontinuation to prevent discontinuation syndrome. Emphasizes key safety points for NLE examination.
Benzodiazepine Use: Short-Term Relief with Dependence Management
Detailed flowchart showing benzodiazepine use, emphasizing rapid onset for acute anxiety/panic but highlighting critical risks: dependence and tolerance with regular use, CNS depression, fall risk (especially elderly), and potentially fatal respiratory depression with alcohol/other CNS depressants. Stresses mandatory tapered discontinuation and lists flumazenil as reversal agent. Compares with buspiron as non-dependent alternative for chronic anxiety.
Dissociative Response Progression: From Trauma to Dissociative Symptoms
State diagram showing the progression from trauma exposure through dissociative responses to nursing intervention and recovery. Illustrates how dissociation functions as an ego defense mechanism against overwhelming anxiety and trauma. Shows the major dissociative disorder types and emphasizes the nursing priority of safety first, followed by trust-building, nonjudgmental acceptance, and client-paced processing without forcing trauma recall. Reflects Philippine Mental Health Act emphasis on humane, trauma-informed care.
Distribution of NLE High-Yield Concepts in Anxiety and Trauma Disorders
Pie chart showing the approximate distribution of high-yield NLE testing areas within anxiety, obsessive-compulsive, and trauma-related disorders. The largest focus areas are SSRI pharmacotherapy and anxiety level assessment, followed by panic disorder interventions and benzodiazepine safety. This visual helps students prioritize study effort on the most frequently tested concepts.