Paediatric GI, Genitourinary & Neurologic Disorders - Concept Map
Paediatric Systemic Disorders: GI, Renal & Neurologic Management
Related concepts
Gastrointestinal Disorders
Sub concepts
- Pyloric Stenosis
- Hirschsprung Disease
- Intussusception
Relationship to central
Primary system category affecting fluid-electrolyte balance and nutritional intake
Genitourinary Disorders
Sub concepts
- Wilms Tumour
- Nephrotic Syndrome
- Acute Glomerulonephritis
- Urinary Tract Infection
Relationship to central
Renal-specific pathology requiring immunosuppression awareness and fluid management
Neurologic Disorders
Sub concepts
- Hydrocephalus
- Cerebral Palsy
- Seizure Disorders
- Bacterial Meningitis
- Spina Bifida
Relationship to central
Central nervous system pathology impacting safety, mobility, and seizure risk
Paediatric Fluid & Electrolyte Principles
Sub concepts
- Higher TBW percentage in infants
- Greater BSA-to-mass ratio
- Immature kidney function
- Holliday-Segar Maintenance Formula
- Hydration assessment indicators
Relationship to central
Foundation for understanding dehydration risk across all GI and renal disorders
Critical Nursing Priorities (NLE-Focused)
Sub concepts
- Wilms tumour: No abdominal palpation
- Spina bifida: Prone positioning, latex-free care
- Seizures: Side-lying, no mouth restraint
- Hydrocephalus: Flat positioning post-VP shunt
- Meningitis: Droplet precautions
Relationship to central
Do's and don'ts that differentiate safe from unsafe paediatric nursing care
Concept connections
- Pyloric StenosisHypochloremic Hypokalemic Metabolic AlkalosisPersistent loss of gastric acid causes characteristic electrolyte imbalance; must be corrected before pyloromyotomy surgery
- Hirschsprung DiseaseEnterocolitisAbsence of ganglion cells increases risk of bacterial overgrowth and life-threatening enterocolitis; complication with explosive diarrhea, fever, and sepsis
- IntussusceptionAir or Barium EnemaEnema serves dual purpose: both diagnostic imaging (confirms telescoping) and therapeutic reduction in non-surgical cases
- Wilms TumourNo Abdominal PalpationCritical nursing rule because palpation risks rupturing the encapsulated tumour and spreading malignant cells; sign must be posted at bedside
- Nephrotic SyndromeImmunosuppression RiskCorticosteroid therapy and loss of immunoglobulins in proteinuria increase susceptibility to infection; major preventive nursing focus
- Acute GlomerulonephritisHypertension MonitoringPost-streptococcal AGN causes hypertension; risk of hypertensive encephalopathy makes BP monitoring the primary nursing priority
- HydrocephalusVP Shunt Flat PositioningPost-operative flat positioning on non-operative side prevents too-rapid CSF drainage and subdural bleeding; critical positioning rule for first 24-48 hours
- Increased Intracranial PressureCushing TriadBradycardia, hypertension with widened pulse pressure, and irregular respirations are LATE ominous signs indicating severe elevated ICP
- Seizure DisordersSide-Lying PositioningDuring seizure, side-lying maintains airway patency and prevents aspiration; fundamental first-aid nursing action
- Status EpilepticusIV BenzodiazepinesSeizure lasting >5 minutes is medical emergency requiring immediate IV lorazepam or diazepam; first-line emergency intervention
- Cerebral PalsyNon-Progressive NatureBrain lesion does not worsen but manifestations may change with growth; goal is maximizing function through therapy, not cure
- Spina Bifida MyelomeningoceleLatex-Free CareThese children have high rate of latex allergy; all supplies and environment must be latex-free to prevent IgE-mediated anaphylaxis
- Bacterial MeningitisDroplet PrecautionsMeningococcal and pneumococcal meningitis require immediate droplet isolation; close contacts need prophylactic antibiotics per RA 9173
- Paediatric Fluid & Electrolyte PrinciplesHolliday-Segar Formula4-2-1 maintenance calculation (100/50/20 mL/kg/day) is foundation for IV fluid orders in all paediatric conditions; prevents over/under-hydration
- Dehydration in GI DisordersInfant VulnerabilityInfants have higher TBW percentage, greater BSA-to-mass ratio, and immature kidneys, making them prone to rapid dehydration from vomiting/diarrhea
- Weight ChangeHydration AssessmentWeight is the most sensitive indicator of hydration status in infants and children; daily weights are essential monitoring parameter
- Phenytoin AnticonvulsantGingival HyperplasiaPhenytoin causes gingival overgrowth; requires meticulous oral care and dental follow-up; patient education on brushing essential
- Seizure ManagementNever Stop Anticonvulsants AbruptlyAbrupt discontinuation precipitates seizures and status epilepticus; critical patient/family education point
- Intussusception ReductionNormal Brown StoolPassage of normal brown stool after enema reduction signals successful intussusception reduction; important nursing observation to report
- Meningitis in InfantsBulging FontanelleIn infants, bulging anterior fontanelle is key ICP elevation sign because sutures are not yet fused; absence of nuchal rigidity does not rule out meningitis
Diagrams
Paediatric GI, Genitourinary & Neurologic Disorders - Complete Concept Map
Complete concept hierarchy of paediatric GI, genitourinary, and neurologic disorders with key clinical features, diagnostic findings, and management priorities. This mind map organizes 15+ high-yield conditions across five major clusters for comprehensive NLE exam preparation.
Pyloric Stenosis: Pathophysiology to Management Pathway
Step-by-step pathway showing how pyloric muscle hypertrophy leads to electrolyte imbalance, and why fluid-electrolyte correction MUST precede surgery. Emphasizes the critical pre-operative stabilization phase that NLE questions often test.
Seizure Management: Acute Episode Priority Actions
Critical acute-seizure management flowchart emphasizing airway protection, positioning, and safety measures. Highlights both common seizures and status epilepticus pathway. NLE heavily tests seizure do's-and-don'ts.
Hydrocephalus: VP Shunt Insertion & Post-op Positioning
Post-operative management of VP shunt insertion, emphasizing the critical positioning rule: FLAT on NON-operative side to prevent complications. Shows monitoring priorities for shunt malfunction and infection—high-yield NLE topics.
Wilms Tumour: Nursing Do's & Don'ts
Wilms tumour nursing management highlighting the single most critical rule: NO ABDOMINAL PALPATION. Shows why this matters (rupture risk), how to implement it (sign at bedside, gentle handling), and the urgent surgical timeline. A frequently-tested NLE concept.
Spina Bifida Myelomeningocele: Pre-operative Care Priorities
Pre-operative management of myelomeningocele emphasizing sac protection, positioning, latex-free care, and infection prevention. Shows critical nursing interventions before urgent surgical closure. Includes hydrocephalus monitoring since it frequently co-occurs.
Nephrotic Syndrome vs Acute Glomerulonephritis: Differential Diagnosis
Side-by-side comparison of nephrotic syndrome versus acute glomerulonephritis showing key differentiating features, pathophysiology, and management. A high-yield NLE discrimination question topic that tests clinical assessment skills.
Bacterial Meningitis: Rapid Recognition & Management
Rapid-recognition protocol for bacterial meningitis emphasizing age-specific presentations, immediate infection control (droplet precautions), and antibiotic timing. Shows why LP must not delay antibiotics. Includes notifiable-disease and contact-prophylaxis responsibilities under RA 9173.
Paediatric GI Obstruction Distribution & Age Peaks
Distribution of three major paediatric GI obstructive disorders showing that intussusception is most common, followed by pyloric stenosis and Hirschsprung disease. Useful for quick age-based differential diagnosis recall during NLE exam.