NLE Oncology Nursing — Cancer Treatment Modalities and Nursing CareConcept Map

Concept

Chemotherapy

Sub Concepts

• Cell-Cycle-Specific Drugs
• Cell-Cycle-Nonspecific Drugs
• Myelosuppression and Nadir
• Neutropenic Precautions
• Major Side Effects
• Extravasation Management
• Safe Handling Protocols

Relationship To Central

Primary systemic cancer treatment modality

Concept

Radiation Therapy

Sub Concepts

• External Beam Radiation
• Brachytherapy (Internal Radiation)
• Radiodermatitis and Skin Care
• Radiation Safety Principles
• Patient Protection Measures

Relationship To Central

Localized cancer treatment modality

Concept

Surgery

Sub Concepts

• Diagnostic Surgery
• Curative Surgery
• Debulking
• Palliative Surgery
• Prophylactic Surgery
• Reconstruction
• Perioperative Nursing Care

Relationship To Central

Physical removal-based cancer treatment

Concept

Immunotherapy and Targeted Therapy

Sub Concepts

• Monoclonal Antibodies
• Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors
• Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors
• Infusion Reaction Monitoring

Relationship To Central

Newer selective cancer treatment modalities

Concept

Oncologic Emergencies

Sub Concepts

• Febrile Neutropenia
• Tumor Lysis Syndrome
• Superior Vena Cava Syndrome
• Spinal Cord Compression
• Hypercalcemia

Relationship To Central

Life-threatening complications requiring immediate intervention

Concept

Patient and Family Education

Sub Concepts

• Infection Precautions
• Bleeding Precautions
• Alopecia Preparation
• Radiation Skin Care
• Appointment Adherence

Relationship To Central

Essential nursing intervention across all treatment modalities

To

Myelosuppression

From

Chemotherapy

Strength

strong

Relationship

Chemotherapy causes bone marrow suppression, leading to low blood cell counts

To

Neutropenic Precautions

From

Myelosuppression

Strength

strong

Relationship

Low neutrophil counts necessitate infection prevention measures

To

Febrile Neutropenia

From

Nadir

Strength

strong

Relationship

Nadir period represents highest risk time for life-threatening infection

To

Extravasation

From

Chemotherapy

Strength

strong

Relationship

Vesicant chemotherapy drugs cause tissue damage if leaked from vein

To

Nausea and Vomiting

From

Chemotherapy

Strength

strong

Relationship

Direct side effect of chemotherapy requiring prophylactic antiemetics

To

Radiodermatitis

From

Radiation Therapy

Strength

strong

Relationship

Local radiation causes skin reactions in treatment field

To

Radiation Safety

From

Radiation Therapy

Strength

strong

Relationship

Internal radiation sources require protection measures for caregivers and others

To

Time-Distance-Shielding

From

Brachytherapy

Strength

strong

Relationship

Three protection principles applied when managing internal radiation patients

To

Perioperative Care

From

Surgery

Strength

strong

Relationship

Surgical intervention requires comprehensive pre and post-operative nursing

To

Infusion Reactions

From

Immunotherapy

Strength

moderate

Relationship

Newer therapies risk hypersensitivity requiring close first-dose monitoring

To

Electrolyte Imbalance

From

Tumor Lysis Syndrome

Strength

strong

Relationship

Rapid tumor cell destruction releases cellular contents causing dangerous electrolyte shifts

To

Venous Obstruction

From

Superior Vena Cava Syndrome

Strength

strong

Relationship

Tumor compression blocks blood return from upper body creating emergency symptoms

To

Back Pain

From

Spinal Cord Compression

Strength

strong

Relationship

Back pain is earliest and most common warning sign of cord compression

To

Bone Metastasis

From

Hypercalcemia

Strength

strong

Relationship

Bone destruction and tumor secretions release calcium into bloodstream

To

Infection Precautions

From

Patient Education

Strength

strong

Relationship

Patients must understand and implement neutropenic precautions at home

To

Bleeding Precautions

From

Patient Education

Strength

strong

Relationship

Thrombocytopenic patients require teaching on preventing bleeding complications

To

Body Image and Psychosocial

From

Alopecia

Strength

moderate

Relationship

Hair loss affects self-image and requires psychological support and preparation

To

Rapid Recognition

From

Oncologic Emergencies

Strength

strong

Relationship

Early identification of emergency signs is critical for patient survival

To

Occupational Health

From

Safe Handling

Strength

strong

Relationship

Proper chemotherapy handling protects nursing staff from mutagenic, teratogenic, and carcinogenic exposures

To

Continuous Dosing Schedule

From

Cell-Cycle Specific Drugs

Strength

moderate

Relationship

These drugs are given in divided or continuous doses to catch actively dividing cells

To

Bolus Dosing Schedule

From

Cell-Cycle Nonspecific Drugs

Strength

moderate

Relationship

These drugs are often given as single doses since they act regardless of cell phase

To

Cardiac Monitoring

From

Monoclonal Antibodies

Strength

moderate

Relationship

Trastuzumab requires cardiac function assessment due to cardiotoxicity risk

To

Patient Not Radioactive

From

External Beam Radiation

Strength

strong

Relationship

External radiation poses no contamination risk to staff or visitors

To

Patient is Radioactive Source

From

Brachytherapy

Strength

strong

Relationship

Internal implants make patient a radiation source requiring precautions

To

Tumor Lysis Prevention

From

Aggressive Hydration

Strength

strong

Relationship

IV fluids dilute uric acid and electrolytes, preventing acute kidney injury

To

Uric Acid Management

From

Allopurinol and Rasburicase

Strength

strong

Relationship

These drugs lower uric acid levels preventing hyperuricemia complications