NLE Fundamentals of Nursing & the Nursing Process — The Nursing Process (ADPIE)Concept Map

Concept

Assessment Phase

Sub Concepts

• Data Collection (Subjective & Objective)
• Sources (Primary: Patient, Secondary: Records/Family)
• Methods (Interview, Physical Exam, Observation)
• Types (Initial, Focused, Emergency, Ongoing)
• Cues vs Inferences
• Data Validation & Organization

Relationship To Central

First phase; foundation for entire process

Concept

Diagnosis Phase

Sub Concepts

• Nursing Diagnosis (Human Response, not Disease)
• NANDA-I Classifications (Actual, Risk, Wellness, Syndrome)
• PES Format (Actual: Problem-Etiology-Signs/Symptoms)
• PE Format (Risk: Problem-Evidence, two-part)
• Nursing vs Medical Diagnosis
• Collaborative Problems
• Common Diagnostic Errors

Relationship To Central

Second phase; clinical judgment on patient responses

Concept

Planning Phase

Sub Concepts

• Priority Setting (Maslow's Hierarchy)
• ABC Prioritization (Airway, Breathing, Circulation)
• Goals & Outcomes (SMART Format)
• Short-term vs Long-term Goals
• Types of Planning (Initial, Ongoing, Discharge)
• Nursing Interventions (Independent, Dependent, Collaborative)

Relationship To Central

Third phase; establishes goals, priorities, interventions

Concept

Implementation Phase

Sub Concepts

• Types of Interventions (Independent, Dependent, Collaborative)
• Reassessment Before Implementation
• Delegation (Five Rights of Delegation)
• Documentation (During & After)
• Patient Safety & Evidence-Based Practice
• Nursing Accountability

Relationship To Central

Fourth phase; execution of the care plan

Concept

Evaluation Phase

Sub Concepts

• Outcome Assessment (Met, Partially Met, Not Met)
• Goal Achievement Comparison
• Quality of Care Evaluation
• Plan Revision & Cycle Continuation
• Documentation of Evaluation

Relationship To Central

Fifth phase; determines if goals met, feeds back to assessment

Concept

Characteristics of the Nursing Process

Sub Concepts

• Systematic (Orderly, Step-by-Step)
• Dynamic & Cyclic (Phases Overlap)
• Patient-Centered & Individualized
• Goal-Directed & Outcome-Oriented
• Universally Applicable
• Grounded in Critical Thinking

Relationship To Central

Define how the process operates

Concept

Critical Thinking & Clinical Judgment

Sub Concepts

• Rational & Reflective Reasoning
• Evidence-Based Practice
• Interpreting Cues & Inferences
• Avoiding Assumptions & Bias
• Prioritization Skills
• First Action vs Priority Action

Relationship To Central

Underpins all ADPIE phases

Concept

Philippine Healthcare & Legal Context

Sub Concepts

• RA 9173 (Nursing Practice Law)
• Professional Regulation Commission (PRC) Oversight
• NLE (Philippine Nursing Licensure Exam)
• NCM Levels (Competency Standards)
• Independent Nursing Functions
• Scope of Practice

Relationship To Central

Regulatory framework for nursing practice

Concept

High-Yield NLE Concepts

Sub Concepts

• Assessment First (in stable situations)
• Maslow-based Prioritization
• ABC Hierarchy (Airway Always First)
• Actual vs Risk Diagnosis Distinction
• Abdominal Exam Sequence (Inspect-Auscultate-Percuss-Palpate)
• SMART Goals & Measurable Outcomes
• Emergency vs Stable Scenario Decision-Making

Relationship To Central

Critical focus areas for examination success

To

Diagnosis Phase

From

Assessment Phase

Strength

strong

Relationship

Assessment data is analyzed and validated to formulate nursing diagnoses

To

Planning Phase

From

Diagnosis Phase

Strength

strong

Relationship

Diagnoses are prioritized and goals/outcomes are established for each diagnosis

To

Implementation Phase

From

Planning Phase

Strength

strong

Relationship

Planned interventions are executed to achieve established goals and outcomes

To

Evaluation Phase

From

Implementation Phase

Strength

strong

Relationship

Interventions are completed and outcomes are assessed for achievement

To

Assessment Phase

From

Evaluation Phase

Strength

strong

Relationship

Evaluation results trigger reassessment and continuation of the nursing process cycle

To

All ADPIE Phases

From

Critical Thinking

Strength

strong

Relationship

Critical thinking underpins decision-making throughout all phases of the nursing process

To

Planning Phase

From

Maslow's Hierarchy

Strength

strong

Relationship

Maslow's framework is the primary method for prioritizing nursing diagnoses and goals

To

Planning Phase

From

ABC Prioritization

Strength

strong

Relationship

ABC (Airway, Breathing, Circulation) hierarchy is integrated with Maslow for physiologic priorities

To

Diagnosis Phase

From

NANDA-I Classifications

Strength

strong

Relationship

NANDA-I provides the standardized framework for nursing diagnosis classification and formatting

To

Actual Diagnoses

From

PES Format

Strength

strong

Relationship

PES (Problem-Etiology-Signs/Symptoms) is the required format for actual nursing diagnoses

To

Risk Diagnoses

From

PE Format

Strength

strong

Relationship

PE (Problem-Evidence) is the required format for risk diagnoses without signs/symptoms

To

Planning Phase

From

SMART Goals

Strength

strong

Relationship

SMART criteria ensure goals are specific, measurable, achievable, realistic, and time-bound

To

All ADPIE Phases

From

Patient-Centered Care

Strength

strong

Relationship

Patient perspective and involvement are central to all phases of the nursing process

To

Implementation Phase

From

Evidence-Based Practice

Strength

strong

Relationship

Implementation must be grounded in current evidence and best practices

To

Implementation Phase

From

Five Rights of Delegation

Strength

moderate

Relationship

The five rights guide safe and appropriate delegation of nursing tasks

To

All ADPIE Phases

From

Documentation

Strength

strong

Relationship

Each phase must be documented; documentation occurs after interventions, not before

To

Nursing Practice Scope

From

RA 9173

Strength

moderate

Relationship

Philippine Nursing Practice Law defines the legal scope and independent functions of nurses

To

Assessment Phase

From

Subjective Data

Strength

strong

Relationship

Subjective data (symptoms) is gathered only from the primary source: the patient

To

Assessment Phase

From

Objective Data

Strength

strong

Relationship

Objective data (signs) are observable, measurable findings from physical examination

To

Assessment Phase

From

Validation Process

Strength

strong

Relationship

Validation distinguishes cues from inferences and prevents premature diagnostic conclusions

To

Assessment Phase

From

Data Organization

Strength

moderate

Relationship

Data is clustered and organized by body systems or functional health patterns

To

Diagnosis Phase

From

Collaborative Problems

Strength

moderate

Relationship

Collaborative problems are potential complications requiring both nursing and medical interventions

To

Implementation Phase

From

Independent Interventions

Strength

strong

Relationship

Nurse-initiated interventions are within nursing scope and require no physician order

To

Implementation Phase

From

Dependent Interventions

Strength

strong

Relationship

Physician-ordered interventions executed by nurses following medical orders

To

Implementation Phase

From

Collaborative Interventions

Strength

moderate

Relationship

Team-based interventions requiring coordination with other healthcare professionals

To

Implementation Phase

From

Reassessment

Strength

strong

Relationship

Patient conditions are reassessed before implementing planned interventions

To

Evaluation Phase

From

Goal Achievement

Strength

strong

Relationship

Actual patient outcomes are compared against established goals to determine achievement

To

Evaluation Phase

From

Plan Revision

Strength

strong

Relationship

If goals are not met, the care plan is revised based on evaluation findings

To

Planning Phase

From

Actual vs Risk Diagnoses

Strength

strong

Relationship

Prioritization principle: actual problems are addressed before risk problems

To

Planning Phase

From

Acute vs Chronic Problems

Strength

moderate

Relationship

Prioritization principle: acute problems take precedence over chronic problems

To

Implementation Phase

From

Emergency Situations

Strength

strong

Relationship

In life-threatening scenarios, immediate intervention precedes formal assessment

To

Assessment Phase

From

Stable Situations

Strength

strong

Relationship

In stable situations, assessment is the first step before proceeding through ADPIE

To

Critical Thinking

From

Cues and Inferences

Strength

strong

Relationship

Critical thinking skill: distinguish objective cues from nurse interpretations

To

Assessment Phase

From

Primary Source

Strength

strong

Relationship

The patient is the primary data source and preferred for subjective and objective information

To

Assessment Phase

From

Secondary Sources

Strength

moderate

Relationship

Records, family, and other professionals provide supporting context and secondary data

To

Assessment Phase

From

Physical Examination Methods

Strength

strong

Relationship

Inspection, palpation, percussion, auscultation are systematic PE techniques; abdominal exam has unique sequence

To

Assessment Phase

From

Focused Assessment

Strength

moderate

Relationship

Focused assessment targets specific problems or systems when a complete assessment is not necessary

To

Assessment Phase

From

Initial Assessment

Strength

strong

Relationship

Comprehensive baseline assessment performed on admission establishing the patient database

To

Assessment Phase

From

Ongoing Assessment

Strength

strong

Relationship

Continuous reassessment throughout care to detect changes and guide intervention adjustments

To

Assessment Phase

From

Abdominal Exam Sequence

Strength

strong

Relationship

Unique sequence for abdominal exam: inspect, auscultate, percuss, palpate (not standard order)

To

All ADPIE Phases

From

NLE Test Strategy

Strength

strong

Relationship

Test strategy applies nursing process logic to NLE scenario questions for correct answer selection

To

Critical Thinking

From

First Action Decision

Strength

strong

Relationship

Determining whether to assess first or intervene immediately depends on scenario urgency

To

All ADPIE Phases

From

Philippine Healthcare Context

Strength

moderate

Relationship

Philippine healthcare delivery system and RA 9173 define nursing practice environment and legal scope

To

Nursing Practice Standards

From

NCM Competency Levels

Strength

moderate

Relationship

NCM levels define expected nursing competencies aligned with ADPIE framework