NLE Antepartum, Intrapartum & Postpartum Care — Normal Pregnancy: Physiologic & Psychological ChangesConcept Map

Concept

Signs of Pregnancy

Sub Concepts

• Presumptive Signs (least reliable, subjective)
• Probable Signs (objective, not conclusive)
• Positive Signs (diagnostic, conclusive)

Relationship To Central

Foundation for confirming pregnancy diagnosis; organized by reliability level

Concept

Maternal Physiologic Adaptations

Sub Concepts

• Reproductive System Changes
• Cardiovascular Changes
• Respiratory Changes
• Gastrointestinal Changes
• Renal and Urinary Changes
• Integumentary Changes
• Musculoskeletal Changes
• Metabolic and Endocrine Changes

Relationship To Central

System-wide changes preparing body for pregnancy, birth, and lactation

Concept

Fetal Development Stages

Sub Concepts

• Pre-embryonic Stage (Weeks 1-2)
• Embryonic Stage (Weeks 3-8)
• Fetal Stage (Week 9 to Birth)
• Key Developmental Milestones
• Fetal Viability and Maturity Indicators

Relationship To Central

Progressive growth and maturation from conception to birth

Concept

Pregnancy Dating and Estimation

Sub Concepts

• Naegele's Rule
• Fundal Height Assessment (McDonald's Rule)
• Ultrasound Dating
• Last Menstrual Period (LMP) Method

Relationship To Central

Critical for monitoring normal fetal growth and planning care

Concept

Maternal Psychological Changes

Sub Concepts

• Trimester-Specific Emotional Patterns
• Maternal Tasks (Rubin's Theory)
• Body Image and Self-Concept Changes
• Partner and Family Dynamics
• Mental Health Screening

Relationship To Central

Emotional and cognitive adaptation throughout pregnancy

Concept

Common Discomforts and Management

Sub Concepts

• Nausea and Vomiting
• Heartburn and Indigestion
• Constipation and Hemorrhoids
• Backache and Musculoskeletal Pain
• Leg Cramps
• Varicosities and Edema
• Urinary Frequency

Relationship To Central

Normal adaptations causing discomfort; nursing interventions for relief

Concept

Prenatal Danger Signs

Sub Concepts

• Vaginal Bleeding
• Fluid Leakage or Gush
• Severe Headache and Visual Changes
• Facial and Hand Edema
• Epigastric Pain
• Persistent Vomiting
• Fever and Chills
• Dysuria
• Absent or Decreased Fetal Movement
• Uterine Contractions Before 37 Weeks
• Convulsions

Relationship To Central

Critical complications requiring immediate medical intervention

Concept

Fetal Circulation and Placental Function

Sub Concepts

• Placental Structure and Function
• Placental Hormone Secretion
• Fetal Circulatory Shunts
• Umbilical Cord Structure
• Amniotic Fluid Function

Relationship To Central

Support systems enabling fetal survival and growth in utero

Concept

Nursing Assessment During Pregnancy

Sub Concepts

• Pregnancy Confirmation and Dating
• Obstetric History Taking (GTPAL)
• Vital Signs and Weight Monitoring
• Fetal Assessment
• Psychosocial Screening

Relationship To Central

Systematic evaluation to monitor normal pregnancy progression

Concept

Nursing Management and Support

Sub Concepts

• Patient Education and Counseling
• Normalization of Physiologic Changes
• Self-Care Support
• Partner and Family Involvement
• Anticipatory Guidance by Trimester
• Prenatal Care Adherence

Relationship To Central

Evidence-based interventions promoting healthy pregnancy outcomes

To

Nursing Assessment During Pregnancy

From

Signs of Pregnancy

Strength

strong

Relationship

Presumptive and probable signs guide initial assessment to recognize pregnancy; positive signs confirm diagnosis

To

Common Discomforts and Management

From

Maternal Physiologic Changes

Strength

strong

Relationship

Specific adaptations in each system directly cause the discomforts; understanding the physiologic basis helps target relief measures

To

Fetal Development Stages

From

Pregnancy Dating and Estimation

Strength

strong

Relationship

Accurate gestational age determination is essential for monitoring if fetal development is progressing normally for weeks of gestation

To

Prenatal Danger Signs

From

Fetal Development Stages

Strength

strong

Relationship

Developmental milestones help assess normal fetal wellbeing; absence of expected milestones signals danger (decreased movement, lack of FHR)

To

Prenatal Danger Signs

From

Maternal Physiologic Changes

Strength

strong

Relationship

Pathologic exaggerations of normal changes constitute danger signs (hypertension, severe edema, persistent vomiting)

To

Nursing Management and Support

From

Maternal Psychological Changes

Strength

strong

Relationship

Understanding trimester-specific emotional patterns allows nurses to provide appropriate anticipatory guidance and psychosocial support

To

Fetal Development Stages

From

Fetal Circulation and Placental Function

Strength

strong

Relationship

The placental and fetal circulatory systems support all fetal development and growth; their function determines fetal viability

To

Nursing Assessment During Pregnancy

From

Pregnancy Dating and Estimation

Strength

strong

Relationship

Accurate dating is foundational assessment that guides all subsequent monitoring and risk assessment throughout pregnancy

To

Nursing Management and Support

From

Common Discomforts and Management

Strength

moderate

Relationship

Teaching about relief measures is a primary component of nursing education and supportive care in pregnancy

To

Maternal Physiologic Changes

From

Maternal Psychological Changes

Strength

moderate

Relationship

Hormonal and metabolic changes drive mood lability and emotional patterns; psychological adjustment is intertwined with physiology

To

Nursing Assessment During Pregnancy

From

Prenatal Danger Signs

Strength

strong

Relationship

Assessment includes screening and teaching about danger signs so women recognize when to seek immediate care

To

Prenatal Danger Signs

From

Fetal Circulation and Placental Function

Strength

moderate

Relationship

Placental insufficiency and circulatory compromise manifest as danger signs (absent fetal movement, concerning FHR)

To

Maternal Psychological Changes

From

Maternal Physiologic Changes

Strength

moderate

Relationship

Body image changes from physiologic adaptations influence emotional response and psychological adjustment throughout pregnancy

To

Nursing Management and Support

From

Nursing Assessment During Pregnancy

Strength

strong

Relationship

Assessment findings guide all nursing interventions, education, and support planning throughout prenatal care